In A Separate Peace By John Knowels, The Value Of Dealing With Your Fe

In A Separate Peace by John Knowels, the value of dealing with your feelings and dealing with your enemies is shown by Gene Forester, a student in Devon during World War 2 dealing with few human enemies, but his emotions create a circumstance far greater than any human enemy. I never killed anybody, Gene had commented later in his adulthood, And I never developed an intense level of hatred for the enemy Gene had put many enemies into his own life. Gene had a best friend, his name was Finny, they were roommates and did many activities together. Finny was never the source, but the core of most of Gene's feelings, both good and bad. First, one of the biggest problems that Gene had, that is jealousy. Gene was jealous of Finny's confidency, openness, modesty, superb athletic abilities, his natural leadership skills, his ability to deal with stress easily, his care free attitude, his people skills and, of course, his good looks. Early in the story Finny demonstrated his openness by when asked for his height, he said 5 foot, 8? inches, while Gene replies 5 foot, 9 inches. Finny pointed out that they were the same height and you shouldn't be ashamed to tell anybody your real height. Later that day, they skip dinner to go swimming in the river, by Finny's choice, and are asked where they were on return. Finny quickly replied that they were swimming in the river, something that is forbidden, right down to the last detail, and they got away with it. Gene said that the rules are very bent during the summer session, but it was actually Finny's people skills that had kept them out of trouble. Finny was very bold, as Gene many a time wished he was, on one occasion Finny wore a bright pink shirt symbolizing the first U.S. bombing in Europe. Gene called him a faerie but really envied him. Later Finny wore the school tie as a belt and when questioned he claimed that it represented Devon in the war. Gene was hopeingly aw aiting a scolding for Finny, but again, he got in no trouble. Another day the two were walking and came across a plaque near the pool claiming that A. Hopkins Parker held the record for swimming across the pool the fastest, Finny took one look at and thought he could beat it, so without any practice at all he plunged into the pool, Gene timed him and he beat it, just like that. Gene wanted to get an official scorekeeper so Finny could get a plaque but Finny said no, in my head I know that I did it, that's all that matters, thus demonstrating that Finny is very modest and secure. The next day Gene and Finny went to the beach, which wasn't allowed. This was done at Finny's request, Gene was going to study for a test, but he felt that he can't say no to Finny so hey went. At the beach Gene noticed a lot of people looking at them, he knew they were looking at Finny because of his well built body and his golden tan but Finny said that they were looking at Gene. Before they return, Finny calls Gene his best pal and Gene wanted to reply, but he wasn't sure about it himself and he also has a hard time expressing his true feelings. Another problem I could detect in Gene, was his anger. Gene was angry about Finny's ability not to get in trouble, and Gene's unwillingness to say no to Finny, but the real war started when he got the idea that because Finny has low grades, he wanted to lower Gene's grades as well so he will better than Gene. Gene believed that Finny was trying to wreak his studies with games, an organization they had formed-the Secret Suicide Society, going to the beach and all this you're my best friend stuff. Other than that, there is little anger between Finny and Gene. One day, Finny wanted Gene to come jump off a high limb into the river with him, as they have been doing for several weeks now, and he claimed that Leper, the school nerd, would

Journey Creative Writing Essay Example

Journey Creative Writing Essay Example Journey Creative Writing Essay Journey Creative Writing Essay Essay Topic: Creative If you only had a certain amount of time to live, would you live every day to the most of it? Well that’s what I have to do. I turned 40, 4 days ago and a week ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I was told I only have a few months to live. This is when I decided I had to make the most of the next few months; I decided I wanted to travel the world. I have 2 daughters, Tahlia (12yrs) and Molly (15yrs), I also have a son, Chris (16yrs). My husband was there when we were told the bad news but I didn’t know how to break it to my kids.It was just so unexpected†¦ I received a letter in the mail on the day we were leaving to go on our journey. It gave me all the more reason to go†¦ it looked as if it was written years ago; all crinkled and written in calligraphy. It has a residential address; and contact information, but it has no name to it. Maybe I should visit them? Take the letter with me and whilst I’m over there I should just pop in and trace back on who it is. The letter has a lot of information and stories about my family and the writer keeps apologising for not being there for me when I was little.I wonder if it’s a family member. Who could it be and why would I only just receive it now? I have to go visit them in France; I want to know who it is! As I said I have to make the most of my last few months so I might as well do what my heart is telling me. Well it’s time we make our way to the Sydney airport ready to fly out to Spain. The kids are so excited but curious as to why we are travelling; just like I’m curious to track down this letter. Hours and hours have passed and we have arrived in Spain, it looks so amazing here!I can’t wait to explore†¦ this is the best idea I’ve had in a long time. A taxi took us to our luxury hotel and we got settled in then it was time to hit the streets to look around. We are staying here for a week then we are moving off to France. The weather is beautiful, just like a hot summer’s day. I could get use to this. The kids just want to go shopping so perhaps we should take them down to wander the little shops on the streets. After days of shopping, swimming in lovely temperature water and just relaxing on luxurious holiday it was time to move on to our next destination; France.This is what I have been waiting for, for the past week. My husband keeps asking me if I think it’s the right thing to do but my hearts keeps telling me to go for it; to find out this mystery person. If it were him that received the letter he would want to do the exact same thing, but he just doesn’t understand how I feel, how much I want to know who this long lost person is before it’s my time to leave everyone. It’s kind of scary knowing that I haven’t got long to live and I want to go home with something special to remember; to shut my eyes to.Once again, after hours and hours we have arrived in France; I’m starting to get butterflies in my stomach, why? I think it’s because I am nervous to track down this letter†¦ now I’m getting second thoughts†¦ should I still do what my heart is telling me to do? I can’t see any harm in just going to this address and finding out who it is then just sit down with a cup of tea and talk about the letter. It wouldn’t do any harm would it? My husband seems to think I shouldn’t just rock up on their doorstep but how else would I contact them.They didn’t leave a number or a name. They just left their address and details on where they live, so maybe they will eventually be expecting me†¦ Tomorrow I will do it but for today I will just settle in and share some special time with my family as I have no time to waste. The language here is so different, not many people speak English†¦ we can hardly understand a word everyone is saying. Luckily the kid’s study French as a language at their school and pick up a few things people are saying to us. The kids are loving all the different meals to the ones we eat at home.All this is just an eye opener to them. I’m glad I brought them here to enjoy some amazing places with me in my last months with them. Anyways, back to the hotel we go, to enjoy a relaxing dinner together and to head to bed to get some sleep for an adventurous day coming our way. Woke up the next morning†¦ so excited†¦ but so†¦ so nervous. My heart is still telling me to go for it. We went down and hired a car for the rest of the time we will be staying here just so we didn’t have to catch taxis everywhere and then off we went to this address written on the letter.As we were driving up their driveway I could see a very old, fragile lady raking the leaves away from the porch. Could it be her? Maybe she wrote the letter. I got out of the car and started walking towards her, then her little voice yelled out hello my dear, can I help you? . I replied to her telling her I had some questions to ask so she invited me in for a coffee even though we were complete strangers to each other. I then got straight to it and asked her about the letter. She told me she was expecting this day to come very soon but I asked why?She said, the letter in your hand was written by your grandmother, she use to live here in this house but she asked me if this day ever came if I could pass this message on to you and tell you how she is now safe up in heaven looking over every move you make†¦ in the letter the reason she apologises to you a lot is because she didn’t give you the care you needed when you were a little girl; when your mum wasn’t there to give you the help you needed†¦ I interrupted and asked her what happened to my mum.She then went on, when you were very young, your mum was killed in a car accident but you were too little to understand. You would always tell your grandmother that you didn’t need her help because your mum would be back from her holiday and be with you soon and every time she tried to help you, you pushed her away. Anyway, that is enough of that†¦ she left some family treasures here with me and asked me to pass them on to you on this very day. Take them back home with you and keep them very safe, pass them down through the family so they will always be treasured as a family token.Thank you for making the decision to come now you have a gift of the family to keep in your heart. This was such a surprise to me; I didn’t know what to say. How could I do that to my grandmother? I didn’t even give her the chance to help bring me up as a child. Oh well, I suppose I can’t take back time and change things now. Now that that’s over and done with I feel so special inside and now I can go enjoy the rest of my time with my wonderful family in such an amazing place.We enjoyed every day for the rest of our holiday as if there were no tomorrow and it was just great knowing we were together as a family. But time went so fast and it was time to go back home, you know what they all say time goes fast when you’re having fun’. We made our way back home after a very long plane trip and some car travelling, but once we got there, it felt so good to be home. We all sat at the dinner table together and Molly asked, mum, why did we go on that trip? What was it for? .I told her what was wrong with me; sweetheart mummy is really sick, I didn’t know how to tell you guys before but now I know it’s the right thing to do, any day now mummy can just not wake up, but you guys will be okay because you will have daddy here to look after you. Mummy will be up there with her mum and grandmother and the rest of our family looking over you and guiding you through your journey of growing up. I will always be in your hearts and in your minds and no matter what I will always love you! . The kids didn’t know what to say, it was such as surprise. They all got up and hugged me as we all shed some tears.I told them everything was going to be okay and that one day we would meet again! It was one of the hardest things I have had to do, it broke my heart seeing them so upset, but I know my husband will have it all under control. We all went to bed, I tucked in my kids and told them a story that I use to tell them when they were little to put them to sleep every night. Then it was my turn†¦ I put my head on my pillow. Knowing I had come home with a gift of life, and knowing that when it’s time, I will just be reunited with my mum. I laid there†¦ and shut my eyes for the very last time†¦

Being Unionized or Union-Free ( just paraphrase ) Human Resource Class Essay

Being Unionized or Union-Free ( just paraphrase ) Human Resource Class - Essay Example ith employees, education of employees and management, hiring and promotion policies, quality working conditions, resolving of complaints efficiently and teamwork (Maille, 2009). To be able to remain union free for a long time a company should in the course of production ensure that wages of employees in the same lines of production is analyzed, so as to allow the company to make relevant adjustments in meeting its employees demands. The wages and other compensation can be increased after making the necessary analysis. These benefits will work as a great boon and will help in motivating the employees who will start working effectively after realizing the fact that the company has done a great deal to help them. The internal system should also be analyzed by a company, it includes salary and wage rates in order to determine the exact amount of compensation and wage to be given to different individuals holding various positions, and the varied lengths of service in the company, as it may not be realistic to pay a similar compensation to a new employee as compared to an old employee. If there is any disparity which cannot be explained then an evaluation should be done in order to come up with a fair solution. Employees have quite a few concerns these days and it is very important for a company to address these problems. The management and the employees should interact more often so that the communication becomes crystal clear, it is very important to have a good communication system in place. Some ways of making communication better are door to door policies, suggestion boxes, bulletin boards, job orientation, forms which communicate to the employee benefits and company events like holiday parties and therefore making the employer to know the needs of the employees. After the communication the company is able to act according to the views from its staff and hence make the required changes (Richard, 2008). Educating the employees is essential for a company; the union

BRIEFING REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE Coursework - 2

BRIEFING REPORT TO THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR ENERGY AND CLIMATE CHANGE ON FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN THE PREPARATION OF A NEW ENERGY BILL FOR THE UK - Coursework Example The only problem is that, this perspective of price reduction fails to reach the extreme end that is expected by most people [1]. After the substantial falling of the wholesale gas prices in the course of the year 2014 as well as the oil prices in the time frame of just 6 months, they logically desired for a bigger drop with regards to their energy prices. When various suppliers however announced of the subsequent price cuts, all of them were almost at the single digit reductions. The bill prices often take time to fall to more appropriate prices due to various outstanding reasons. First and for most, the natural gas’s cost does not essentially have any link to the oil prices. The other factor is that, the gas’s wholesale price is part and parcel of the bill’s segment. For instance, the gas that most individuals are using up-to-date was probably not bought at the current wholesale prices. This is to mean that constant variations tend to occur when it comes to this matter of energy bills.   The secretary of state should also bear in mind that there are various undertakings or make ups when it comes to the aspect of energy bills (either electricity or gas bills). According to the British Gas, Around 42% of an individual’s bill is determined by the energy’s wholesale prices [3]. This is the entire gas and electricity cost that is mutually bought by the British Gas on wholesale unit.   It is also worth to bear that while gas prices falls by almost a third of the total value, electricity has rarely fallen. The next chunk of the gas bill that is approximated to be at around 27% encompasses the total network costs. They are the wires and pipes that bring the electricity and gas home. They are usually owned by a number of distribution companies including the National Grid, which often charge people a substantial amount for their usage. The charged fee is usually overseen by a body known as Ofgem, which is taken as the ultimate regulatory unit, and has

Marketing and Operations Management in Philips Electronics Assignment

Marketing and Operations Management in Philips Electronics - Assignment Example Operations Management Part 14 Critical Evaluation of the Operations Management Strategy of Phillips 15 Operations Management Performance Objectives 15 Order Qualifiers and Order Winners of Philips 17 Contribution Made By Operations Management 18 Recommendations/Solutions to the Company 19 References 20 Overview of the Company Royal Philips Electronics is a Dutch multinational company with its main branch in Amsterdam. The three main divisions of the company are Philips Consumer Lifestyle, Philips Healthcare and Philips Lighting. According to the statistics obtained in the 2012, it can be mentioned that Philips is one of the biggest producers of electronic products in the globe (Philips, 2012). The paper is divided into two parts. They are marketing activities of Philips and operations management of Philips. The marketing part of the paper attempts to identify the external environment of Philips and to evaluate the marketing strategy followed by the company. The study further endeavours to analyse various marketing tools used for the marketing of the products of Philips. The paper thus offers suggestions to the company regarding ways through which it can improve marketing activities. Furthermore, the operations management part of the study tries to critically evaluate the operations management strategy of Philips. It attempts to analyse the operations management performance objectives. ... The main political factors impacting the activity of the organisation are employment laws, policy stability, tax policy and environmental regulations. It can be stated that in most of the countries of European Union there has been major alterations in the employment law. It is noted that most of the countries are quite concerned with the environment and are making an attempt to reduce pollution. In such cases, Philips, being a large producer of electronic products, might need to focus largely upon providing environmentally friendly consumer goods to maintain its sustainability (Export Gov, 2012). The United Kingdom is the seventh major economy in the world and the third biggest economy in the European Union. With quite a few trade obstacles, the United Kingdom is the entry market into the European Union for nearly 41000 US exporters. This proves to be quite beneficial for Philips (Export Gov, 2012). The social and the cultural impact on business alter from one country to the other co untry and from one region to the other region. Philips has its operations in numerous countries and it is because of this reason that the company needs to operate in vast and diverse socio-cultural arenas with workforce belonging to varied cultures. It is quite significant for Philips to adjust themselves with these alterations in terms of customer expectations from region to region and be capable of catering to their needs and requirements. Most of the people belonging to the developed nations pay due attention towards the culture of a company. Philips can be considered as an ethical company who pays due consideration towards the needs and the wants of the customers (Export Gov, 2012). Philips is quite dependent upon the constantly altering technological up-gradations that are

Bipedal Hominid and Quadrupedal Apes: Muscle and Skeletons

Bipedal Hominid and Quadrupedal Apes: Muscle and Skeletons Differences between the hip skeleton and musculature of bipedal hominid and quadrupedal apes. Ilium Humans: Reduced height, relative wideness (it is important in bipedal posture, because the weight of the body does not concentrate onto the spinal cord only). Orientation of blade (the curvature and the mediolateral orientation of the iliac blades help the Glutei medius and minimi to act as abductors and they can also assist in support of the trunk. This curved shape also helps in balancing the upper body during locomotion, because the external and internal oblique muscles attach to the iliac crest). Acetabular margin and the well-developed anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) reflects the bipedal locomotion. Rectus femoris takes its origin here, that extends the leg at the knee. Rectus femoris is very important in some of the leaping and clinging prosimians, as the galagos and lemurs, because Rectus femoris is a leaping muscle in them. Nevertheless, in apes, there is no large AIIS. AIIS is also a place for the iliofemoral ligament in humans that prevents the hip joint from overextending. Apes: There is no S-shaped curve visible at the iliac crest and the crest projects laterally. Therefore, the iliac fossa orients anteriorly and the gluteal surface projects posteriorly. This orientation keeps the trunk in an upright position during sitting or squatting. In case if they want to walk bipedally, the Glutei medius and minumi muscles medially rotate the flexed thigh at the hip while in humans they abduct the extended thigh. The long iliac crest is an adaptation to climbing. Latissimus dorsi origins from here and inserts into the humerus. Because this is one of the most important climbing-muscles, the longer the iliac crest is, the better aid is in climbing. The auricular surface and the iliac tuberosity are smaller in apes. It is mainly because of the fact that their weight does not focus on their pelvic region and lower limbs (hind limbs). Ischium Humans: Ischial tuberosity is an attachment for the hamstring muscles (Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus and Adductor magnus hamstring part). At a superior pressure during the bipedal posture, the posterior part of the sacrum elevates, and pulls upwards the ischial tuberosity. The ischial tuberosity which is located just below the great sciatic notch reflects the bipedalism. Apes: Long ischium. The ischial tuberosity is wider in apes than it is in humans and it does not look so pulled-up in apes. The ischial tuberosity lacks the facets for the hamstring and adductor muscles. Pubis Humans: Pubic crest and pubic tubercle are important in bipedal locomotion as well, because the pubic crest serves as an attachment for Rectus abdominis that supports the guts and pubic tubercle is associated with the inguinal ligament, which helps in supporting the trunk. The iliopubic eminence is the divider of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and the AIIS. Here takes place the iliopsoas muscle that helps in flexing the hip and supporting the upper body on the hip joint. Apes: Apes lack all these human characteristics at the pubis: they do not have a pubic crest nor tubercle, and because their pelvis orient differently, their ilipsoas groove and iliopubic eminence are missing. The pubic symphysis in apes are usually fuses together, while it only rarely happens in humans. Acetabulum Humans: The orientation of the acetabulum is inferior-lateral-anterior. The superior margin of acetabulum must cope with the biggest weight/pressure, it developed a very thick cartilage, so did the head of the femur. This is called laubrum. Very strong, Z-shaped, ligaments are present here. The depth of the acetabulum can tell us a lot about the mobility of the hip joint. If the acetabulum is shallow, it reflects more flexibility. The acetabulum in humans is shallow compared to many of the African apes (but chimpanzees), but it is deep compared to the orang-utans. Apes: The ligaments are weaker than in humans. Sacrum, coccyx Humans: The human sacrum contains five fused vertebrae averagely. However, it can be varied between four and six. The coccyx stands from four fused vertebrae, usually. The sacrum in humans is wider than in apes and it is not so long as an ape sacrum. This unique shape is very distinctive regarding to bipedalism. The wider sacrum means more distance between the sacroiliac joint, which helps in transferring the weight and the pressure from pubic symphysis. A wider distance at this joint also means a larger birth-canal. Apes: In apes and monkeys the number of the fused vertebrae of the sacrum and coccyx may vary from species to species. The shape of the sacrum is not so wide and more elongated. It reveals that they do not support so huge weight on their pelvic region as do the humans. Femur Humans: The human femur is longer than that of an ape. The lateral condyle in humans is more prominent. The bicondylar surface is larger in humans than in apes. It is because of the centre of gravity of the body. Apes: Medial condyle is larger in apes. More flexibility at the hip joint. B, Actions of muscles at the knee and ankle joints during bipedal locomotion. Observed features in ancestral hominid fossils. Extensors of the leg at the knee joint: Tensor fasciae latae Quadriceps femoris muscles (Rectus femoris, Vasti lateralis, medialis, intermedius) Flexors of the leg at the knee joint: Sartorius Gracilis (also can assist in medial rotation) Hamstring muscles (Biceps femoris {it is also the lateral rotator of the knee joint}, Semimembranosus, Semitendenosus {they also medially rotate the knee joint when the leg is flexed} Gastrocnemius Popliteus (weak flexor, but it is a medial rotator of the leg) Plantaris Muscles that act at the ankle (talotibial) joint: Tibialis anterior (dorsiflexion) Extensor hallucis longus (dorsiflexion) Extensor digitorum longus (dorsiflexion) Peroneus tertius (dorsiflexion) Peroneus longus and brevis (plantar flexion) Gastrocnemius (plantar flexion) Soleus (plantar flexion) Plantaris (plantar flexion) Flexor digitorum longus (plantar flexor) Tibialis posterior (plantar flexor) Fossil records: Australopithecus afarensis: The tibia and the fibula are quite interesting. We can observe adaptations to both arboreal and bipedal signs. This is called mosaic morphology. The examined specimens: AL 129-1b, AL 288-1aq and AL 333x-26). Ape-like elements: short border to the lateral condyle, in the first two specimens, there are features that general in the apes (under the epicedial there was the hollowed-out appearance) which means that the Tibialis posterior attached to the lateral side of the tibia instead of the posterior side. Other attachments such as semimembranosus and gracilis are also rather ape-like. Nevertheless, other A. afarensis specimens show bipedal characteristics: Distal articulation surface of the tibia (the angle of the ankle joint and the tibia and fibula). But, yet again, there are ape-like features also on the distal part of fibula: the direction of the articular facet, (orients distally rather than medially as in the modern humans), they have an anteriorly oriented peroneal groove on their fibulae while it faces laterally in modern humans. The A. afarensis Lucy (AL 288-1) also owns these mosaic morphological features: the posteriorly oriented distal tibial angle shows similarities with the apes, while in other afarensis specimens the angle is lateral, which is a human feature. The carrying angle at the knee joint also shows more similarities to the modern human specimens. This can reveal an individual arboreal habit of Lucy, and a more developed bipedalism in the other specimens. Homo habilis: The H. habilis specimens do not cause so many arguments than the australopithecines. They have more human like features in their lower legs and less ape-like features. Although, they do not lack these features (rounded anterior border of the tibia, in humans the insertion area of the Flexor digitorum longus is bigger than that of the tibialis posterior it is quite the opposite in the habilis. The attachments of other muscles soleus, popliteus show sort of a transition between apes and humans, etc.). The Neanderthals: The fibula and the tibia are very robust, but bear the human characteristics. Q2, Evolution of the early hominid foot The main characteristics of the human foot include the presence of the arches, the calcaneocuboid joint, the proportions of the major parts of the foot, the shape of the ankle-joint and the fact that the hallux cannot be opposed. The arches in foot are quite unique, the apes do not have arches (they have only one arch, the transverse arch). In humans, apart from the plantar aponeurosis, there are other ligaments that aid in having these arches: the spring ligament, the short plantar ligament and the long plantar ligament. The length of the distal digits of the toes are much shorter in humans than in apes, however, the size of the big toe is about the same. The foot of Australopithecus afarensis, such as in the leg, shows mosaic morphology. It means that certain features are similar to the modern humans, while others share similarities with the apes. The human-like morphology: the talus which also has both human and ape characteristics together with the tibia and fibula, shows a more human like joint at the talotibia. Although, the shape of the talus is rather ape-like. Other signs that reveal a more human appearance in the afarensis foot are the talar trochlear shape, the direction of the ankle joints axis and of the Flexor hallucis longuss groove which suggest that the movements of the afarensis were very similar to those of the modern humans. The shape of the fifth metatarsals reveal a very similar ability of dorsiflexion as it is present in modern humans. Their navicular bones in appearance are more ape-like, but the presence of the groove of the spring ligament proves that they might have similar arches than the modern humans have. The possibility of the bipedal locomotion can be traced down also by the human-like lateral cuneiform, although, its hook makes it look more ape like. Nevertheless, the ape-like curves of the phalanges suggest that they might be arboreal. The calcareous also have both human and ape like features, the medial cuneiform is rather ape like, so is the first metatarsals rounded head. The foot of Paranthropus robostus has several human-like characteristics. These features are the following: the hallux probably was adducted unlike in the apes where the big toe is rather abducted, the plantar ligaments suggest similarities to the human foot, the first metatarsal suggests that it bore more weight than the apes because of its robust appearance, but other features on the first metatarsal bone reveal ape-like features, too. According to the article of Susman and Brain (1988, mentioned in Aiello and Dean), it is very likely that the Paranthropus robostus was bipedal but in a different way than the modern humans. The foot of the Homo habilis: The biggest argument is caused by the tarsal bones of a young Homo habilis (OH 8 from Olduvai Gorge), because some researchers do not think that the human characteristics of this specimens foot bones are good enough to be classified as humans. The elements of the foot show the signs of the bipedalism even those agree with this who do not think that this specimen deserves to be included into the Homo genus but, perhaps, in a completely different way as it is seen in the modern humans. Another talus bone, the KNM-ER 813 from Koobi Fora, has less problems with its classifications, as it shows more similarities to the talus of the modern humans. The first metatarsal is the most robust, and the fifth metatarsal bone of the OH 8 is the second, while in apes the fifth metatarsal bone is the weakest. The size of the foot length of the OH 8 is also more similar to the structure of the human foot. The fossil record suggests that the opposability of the big toe of OH 8 is not present, but the adduction of it can be observed. The ability of grasping is also very likely, though. The foot of the Neanderthals: Interestingly, the evidences reveal that the opposability of the big toe might be somewhere between the modern humans and the living apes. Others deny it, because of the more human characteristics in the tarsometatarsal joint, which can be varied on a great scale even in modern humans. Typical Neanderthal features are the short proximal phalanx of the big toe and the short neck of the talus. The possible signs of the bipedalism in the fossil evidences: Apart from the bones of the foot other skeletal remains can reveal the erected body posture and the possible bipedal walking habits. A relative longer arm may be a sign of the arboreal life-style, or partly arboreal living circumstances. Nevertheless, Lucy has relatively short fingers, not ape-like, long ones (JOHANSON-EDEY 1990) The shape of scapula and the orientation of the glenoid fossa also can help to answer this question. A small fragment of an Australopithecus afarensis scapula suggests that its owner had a more ape-like in this question, than human like. In apes the glenoid fossa faces towards the cranium and this feature can be observed also in case of this fragment. A more complete scapula which derives from an A. africanus (Sts 7) can tell us more details about the possible functions of the pectoral girdle. This scapula looks very similar to the scapula fragment of the afarensis specimen (AL 288-1l), and they both bear more similarities to the pectoral girdle of the ape s, especially to the orang-utans. The ribcage has more ape-like characteristics in its appearance. The shape of the vertebral column, however, widens distally (the lumbar vertebrae are the widest) as it appears in humans, which is another possible sign of the bipedal locomotion. The pelvic girdle shows more evidences for the mosaic morphology yet again. The iliac crest is rather human-like, although it is more elongated laterally and the acetabulum orients more anteriorly. Perhaps this is the reason why A. afarensis has a relatively very long femoral neck. The iliac blades direct interiorly, as well. The shape of the sacrum is very wide another human-like sign, however its posterior segment is not as curved anteriorly as it is in the modern humans. According to Johanson (JOHANSON-EDEY 1990), Lucys pelvis is adapted to the bipedal locomotion as well as to the possibility to give life to large-headed babies, as her pelvis is so wide. All these features make likely that the A. afarensis could walk bipedally, but in a more complicated way. The anteriorly faced acetabulum could result a very heavy bipedalism. On the femoral head, we can observe a stronger fovea than it is on the femoral head of the modern human. In quadrupeds the tibial tuberosity is more rounded and less sharp. The sharpness of the tibial tuberosity is a more human (or bipedal) characteristic. This sharpness can be observed in Lucy, although her tibia looks more robust compared to the very tall juvenile, the Turkana boy (H. erectus). In proximal femur of the Australopithecines, there are about the same number of similarities to humans (the varied presence of the intertrochanteric line and the Obturator externus groove) than to chimpanzees (the small femoral head and the non-flaring greater trochanter) and the unique features (long femoral neck, compressed femoral neck-cross section), the more similarities to humans in the question of the distal femur (the high/very high bicondylar angle, the elliptical shaped lateral epicedial profile), and its own unique phenomena in the epiphysis shape and symmetry, but the femoral shafts more similarity to the chimpanzees gives us a very eclectic impression about the possible locomotion of the Australopithecines. As I wrote in the 1B question, the foot of the Australopithecines show very varied picture as well. It reveals both human and ape like features such as almost everything else in the Australopithecus skeleton. The more human like elements of the foot include the human-like ankle joint, the ability of a better dorsiflexion, the expanded base of the fifth metatarsal, the wide calcaneus and the presence of the longitudinal arch. On the other hand, there are several ape-like characteristics, like the shape of the phalanges, the tuberosity of the calcaneous has an oval orientation, also has a huge peroneal tubercle, the already mentioned ape-like shape of the hook of the lateral cuneiform bone, and the rounded head of the first metatarsal. Summarising, the mosaic morphology in the Australopithecines are very strongly present, they share similarities to the humans, as well as to the apes, but they also developed own features. It is very likely that they were adapted to the bipedal locomotion, but not in a modern human way. The essay has been written by using the following books as a guide-line: Aiello and Dean, 2006: An Introduction To Human Evolutionary Anatomy, reprinted in 2006, Elsevier Academic Press, London The materials during the Demo-sessions And JOHANSON-EDEY, 1990: Lucy The Beginnings of Humankind, Penguin Books, London, 1990.

Mythology in Oedipus Rex Essay -- Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Mythology in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In â€Å"The Oedipus Legend† Bernard M. W. Knox talks of the advantages accruing to Sophocles as a user of myths in his dramas:    The myths he used gave to his plays, without any effort on his part, some of those larger dimensions of authority which the modern dramatist must create out of nothing if his play is to be more than a passing entertainment. The myths had the authority of history, for myth is in one of its aspects the only history of an age that kept no records. . . . the myths served as typical patterns of the conduct of man and the manifestation of the gods (85).    This essay seeks to explore the life of the flawed mythological person, Oedipus, as protagonist of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex.    E. T. Owen in â€Å"Drama in Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus† comments on the mythological beginnings of Oedipus Rex:    Professor Goodell says: â€Å"Given an old myth to be dramatized, Sophocles’ primary question was, ‘Just what sort of people were they, must they have been, who naturally did and suffered what the tales say they did and suffered?† That was his method of analysis (38).    In his essay â€Å"Sophoclean Tragedy† Friedrich Nietzsche searches out the mythology in this drama, and finds that the story originates in Persia:    Oedipus who murders his father and marries his mother. Oedipus who solves the riddle of the Sphinx! What does this mysterious trinity of fateful deeds tell us? An ancient legend, occurring in purest form among the Persians, relates that a wise magician is born only as a result of incest – which, looking back to Oedipus, riddle-solver, wooer of his mother, we cannot hesitate to explicate. . . .(17).    Nietzsche’s tracing of th... ...s, edited by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    E. T. Owen in â€Å"Drama in Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus.† In Twentieth Century Interpretations of Oedipus Rex, edited by Michael J. O’Brien. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.    Segal, Charles. Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993.    â€Å"Sophocles† In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.    Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Transl. by F. Storr. no pag. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed new?tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&part=0&id=SopOedi    Van Nortwick, Thomas.   Oedipus: The Meaning of a Masculine Life. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998.          Mythology in Oedipus Rex Essay -- Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex Mythology in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   In â€Å"The Oedipus Legend† Bernard M. W. Knox talks of the advantages accruing to Sophocles as a user of myths in his dramas:    The myths he used gave to his plays, without any effort on his part, some of those larger dimensions of authority which the modern dramatist must create out of nothing if his play is to be more than a passing entertainment. The myths had the authority of history, for myth is in one of its aspects the only history of an age that kept no records. . . . the myths served as typical patterns of the conduct of man and the manifestation of the gods (85).    This essay seeks to explore the life of the flawed mythological person, Oedipus, as protagonist of Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex.    E. T. Owen in â€Å"Drama in Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus† comments on the mythological beginnings of Oedipus Rex:    Professor Goodell says: â€Å"Given an old myth to be dramatized, Sophocles’ primary question was, ‘Just what sort of people were they, must they have been, who naturally did and suffered what the tales say they did and suffered?† That was his method of analysis (38).    In his essay â€Å"Sophoclean Tragedy† Friedrich Nietzsche searches out the mythology in this drama, and finds that the story originates in Persia:    Oedipus who murders his father and marries his mother. Oedipus who solves the riddle of the Sphinx! What does this mysterious trinity of fateful deeds tell us? An ancient legend, occurring in purest form among the Persians, relates that a wise magician is born only as a result of incest – which, looking back to Oedipus, riddle-solver, wooer of his mother, we cannot hesitate to explicate. . . .(17).    Nietzsche’s tracing of th... ...s, edited by Thomas Woodard. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966.    E. T. Owen in â€Å"Drama in Sophocles’ Oedipus Tyrannus.† In Twentieth Century Interpretations of Oedipus Rex, edited by Michael J. O’Brien. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.    Segal, Charles. Oedipus Tyrannus: Tragic Heroism and the Limits of Knowledge. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993.    â€Å"Sophocles† In Literature of the Western World, edited by Brian Wilkie and James Hurt. NewYork: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1984.    Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Transl. by F. Storr. no pag. http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/browse-mixed new?tag=public&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&part=0&id=SopOedi    Van Nortwick, Thomas.   Oedipus: The Meaning of a Masculine Life. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998.         

American and African Comparison Essay

Between 1492 and 1750, Africa and America experienced similarities in the introduction of new crops, movement on natives, and disease, while having differences in shift gender population, the amount of deaths, ethnicity change, and environment. Africa and America both experienced the introduction of new crops. In Africa, American crops such as maize were very useful in order to sustain the population. The cheap new source of food allowed Africa to sustain its population. America received new crops and animals such as rice and chickens. Both regions experienced an offset in the native population as a result of the Europeans. The demand for slavery in Africa resulted in a massive amount of natives being shipped to America. In America, the remainder of the Aztecs and Inca in Latin America were either moved or put under forced labor. In North America, smaller tribes such as the Iroquois and Algonquin were pushed off of their land by English and Dutch settlers. Both regions also experienced a widespread of disease. In Africa, diseases like Syphilis spread easily because most Africans were uneducated about sanitation. In America, native populations of the Aztecs and Inca were decimated by smallpox. The Aztecs, like the Africans, did not have the proper sanitary conditions, and new diseases meant that they were not immune to them. One major difference was the shift in the amount of men and women in each region. In Africa, most of the slaves taken were males. This meant that the majority of the African population became female. As a result of all of the slaves imported to the new world, the majority of America was male. Another difference was the amount of death among the natives. In America, a very large percentage of the native population died. In Africa, the shift in population was caused more by African slaves being taken out. While death was common along the Atlantic circuit, Africa was better equipped to sustain its native population. Foods brought from the New World enabled Africans to repopulate quickly whereas in America, the natives were replaced by the Europeans. Another major difference was the changes in the natural environment. In America, forests were cut down carelessly in order to create colonial towns. The resources were exploited to a vast degree to support European mercantilism. In Africa, change to the environment was milder. Most interaction occurred at the coast while central Africa was unexplored. African resources such as gold were traded, but were not in high demand until later on. Africa and America both were similar in the arrival of new crops, shift in population, and epidemics while being different in change of demographics, amount of death, new ethnicities, and the impact on the environment.

A extensive book revew on Animal Farm by George Orwell and its symbolism to the Russian Revolution

A extensive book revew on Animal Farm by George Orwell and its symbolism to the Russian Revolution Book Review: Animal Farm: A Fairy StoryBy George OrwellPublisher: Harcourt Brace Company; 1946The content of the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell is satirical to the RussianRevolution. The narrative is developed by means of an establishment of events that correlatedirectly to changes that occurred in Russia [mainly] in the early 1900's. The events andcharacters in the book are comparative to important figures and affairs in the RussianRevolution. Although Orwell wrote the book to clearly reflect that distinct era, this novel can alsobe viewed as an allegory on any revolution. Through this generalized approach to thepresentation of the novel, Orwell creates a more identifiable way in which to explore thehappenstance of the Russian Revolution, while simultaneously creating a completely individualtrain of events.The novel takes place on a farm called "Manor Farm". In the initial stages of the book,the power over the farm is directly in the hands of a certain "Mr.Stalin's Grave by the Kremlin Wall NecropolisJones" who in recent times hastaken up alcohol consumption. Mr.Jones is parallel to Tsar Nicholas II as suggested by hisantipathy toward his people (the farm animals, in Jones' situation) and his denial of the currentbureaucratic state. Before his abdication in 1917 (as is parallel to Jones' escapement from hisspiteful farm of animals), the Tsar is known to have partaken in excess alcohol consumptionalong with his men. It was for this same reason that Jones has lost control of the farm, whichinitiates the ideal of revolution to the animals. Old Major stirs the other animals by showing hisdisagreement as per Jones' selfish method of running the farm. As quoted in the book, "Manis the only creature that consumes without producing. He does not give milk, he does not...

Web Content Management Systems Essays

Web Content Management Systems Essays Web Content Management Systems Essay Web Content Management Systems Essay Essay Topic: Web Web content management system requires an administrator and/or web developer to set up and add features but mainly the editing and management part can be handled by a non-technical person. Features Web content management systems typically have the following features; Automated Templates: Standard output templates can be created and applied to change the design of the entire web page can be changed centrally. Access Control: Some of the web content management systems allow the content manager to manage access rights to certain groups or users, ? Access rights can be provided or certain pages can be blocked for specific user groups Access right can also be managed to allow or block access for ‘logged on’ or ‘anynonumous users’ Scalable Expansion: WCMS’ provide the capability to expand a single implementation (one installation on one server) to various domains. Work flow management: Workflow is the process of creating cycles of sequential and parallel ta sks that must be accomplished in the CMS. For example, one or many content creators can submit a story, but it is not published until the copy editor cleans it up and the editor-in-chief approves it.Collaboration: WCMS allows many people to collaborate on a single web page. Many authorized content writers can work on one document or web page simultaneously, these changes can be authorized to make them permanent or denied to revert to the original document. Document management: CMS software may provide a means of collaboratively managing the life cycle of a document from initial creation time, through revisions, publication, archive, and document destruction. Content virtualization:CMS software may provide a means of allowing each user to work within a virtual copy of the entire web site, document set, and/or code base. This enables changes to multiple interdependent resources to be viewed and/or executed in-context prior to submission. Content syndication: Content management systems help in content distribution by the likes of RSS feeds, emails can also be sent out to registered users in case the content is updated. Multilingual support: The content can be displayed in multiple languages.Versioning: Like many document management system, versioning can be done on the web content as well. Authorized content editors can pick up writing from a point in the article already published. This feature is very useful in contents that require regular updating. Types of content management systems There are three types of content management systems: ? ? ? Online CMS Offline CMS Hybrid CMS Online CMS: The online content management systems are capable of displaying content on demand when a user visits the web page. E. g. certain template can be applied to the webpage from the web cache when a user is visiting the web page. Offline CMS: These are sometimes referred to as â€Å"static-site generators†, here instead of displaying the content on-demand, the content process ing is done before publishing. Since pre-processing tools don’t require a server to display content on-demand. Offline CMS can also exist purely as a design time tool. Hybrid CMS: These content management systems write executable content, in which CMS itself doesn’t have to be deployed on a server but server similar functionality of the online CMS.Most popular content management systems ? ? ? ? ? WordPress Joomla ModX Text pattern Refinery CMS ? ? ? ? ? Drupal Concrete 5 Dotnet nuke Umbraco Tiny CMS Advantages of CMS Cost effective With a content management system, a web page can be maintained for a fraction of a price of hiring a web developer. Easy customization The web page can be easily customized without coding. Most WCMS provide a GUI using which the content can be customized using user friendly features such

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Case Study Example generic fluoxetine, etc.) (1). To prevent other pharmaceutical companies from grabbing a large portion of Eli Lilly’s market shares in the selling of antidepressant drugs, Eli Lilly and company is considering the need to replace Prozac with its successor. Eventually, the successor of Prozac is expected to be launched at least 18 months prior to the date wherein Prozac’s patent right would expire (18). The New Antidepressant Team (NAT) is composed of people from Eli Lilly’s R&D and marketing department (7). During the initial stage of searching for Prozac’s successor, members of NAT investigated a total of five (5) assets known as: (1) R-fluoxetine; (2) olanzapine-fluoxetine combination (OFC); (3) 5HT2 antagonist SSRI; (4) business development opportunities; and (5) Cymbalta (duloxetine) (7 – 8). In general, there are serious constraints in the first four (4) assets. Therefore, the members of NAT decided to pursue the future development of Cymbalta a s the best option. For instance, even though the use of R-fluoxetine can prevent the side effects of Prozac which include sexual dysfunction and insomnia, this particular drug composition is patented by Sepracor. In the process of entering a license agreement with Sepracor, Eli Lilly will have to share part of its profit with the said company. Furthermore, the use of R-fluoxetine can trigger serious side effects on the part of the patients. Therefore, it is not advisable for Eli Lilly to invest in the future development of R-fluoxetine. Although OFC has been approved by the FDA, investing in the future development of OFC is also questionable because of the small market size of people with bipolar depression (2.5 million patients or less than 1% of U.S. population) as compared to individuals with major depressive disorder (10% of U.S. population). It means that focusing on the development of OFC would mean less sales and profit on the part of Eli Lilly. The 5HT2 antagonist SSRI is ef fective in terms of reducing side effects such as anxiety, agitation, insomnia, restlessness, and sexual dysfunction. However, it is not advisable to invest further on this option because of its toxic effects on animals. Lastly, there was an issue of business conflict in Eli Lilly’s in-license compound from other pharmaceutical companies (8). As a potential successor of Prozac, the NAT has to decide on three (3) options for Cymbalta before the official NDA submission. These options include: (1) the need to prove the efficiency or effectiveness 60 mg of Cymbalta once a day (QD) when treating major depressive disorder; (2) conduct a clinical trial which aims to allow the company to come up with an entirely new pain indicator for Cymbalta on top of presenting the drug efficacy using 20 to 40 mg of Cymbalta at least two times a day (BID); and (3) postpone the NDA submission for several years until option 1 and 2 has been satisfied (15). Analysis and Evaluation In search for Proza c’s successor, conducting a marketing research is important in terms of determining the target market and the future expected sales and profitability of Eli Lilly. Specifically the end users of Cymbalta include all individuals who are suffering from major depressive disorder. In line with this, it is necessary to take note that consumer behavior about certain drugs is highly dependent on what they physicians would prescribe to them. In this context, it is clear that

People management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

People management - Essay Example These developments have many advantages and several disadvantages which will be discussed through critical review. Recruitment and selection of graduates A government-sponsored initiative referred to as the Graduate Talent Pool is a live website that hosts over 2,000 jobs for graduates that are sponsored by businesses in multiple industries. The website also offers information and guidance to graduate job seekers backed by government support and sponsorship for over 10,000 graduate internships (Jensen 2009). Graduates sign up for usage of the Graduate Talent Pool website, thus registering their names and demographic/educational information for head-hunters looking for top graduate talent. Using websites such as this that are backed by government give these businesses more credibility and visibility in key markets. As well, the advantages of using web-based recruitment tools is that it provides opportunities for data mining as a quantitative tool for market research on graduate trends , values and skill-sets. When students sign up for registry to apply to these jobs or internships, their demographic information is placed in a database where information can be extracted by the organisation. Personal and educational data can be correlated with business needs and objectives to determine what percentage of the graduate labour pool maintains the skills required to fit business needs, thus developing better future recruitment tests and promotional tools to gain more visibility in the job market. Companies are also using the Internet to recruit candidates using the social media platform to be much more interactive with graduates, thus performing some of the selection tools first-hand through blogging or direct online discussion with recruiters. Some law firms, as one example, are using websites like BraveNewTalent, an online talent marketer that invites graduates to engage directly with employers in an online community (Recruiter 2010). Once a graduate has entered the o nline community, they build their personalized profile and then have multiple opportunities to browse job listing and connect to their desired potential employer. BraveNewTalent and many websites like this that use Talent Words, a Google feature to guide interested job seekers to employers, assists in linking the graduate job-seeker to social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook or YouTube to communicate with business leadership or review their real-time data about needs and business values (Recruiter). Social media is becoming a mainstream lifestyle tool for society as well as business. â€Å"Collectively, these social technologies have enabled a revolution in user-generated content, global community and the publishing of consumer opinion† (Smith 2009, p.559). Because social media is being used as a platform for job opportunity promotion and to better create interpersonal and interactive relationships with graduate job-seekers, it changes the scope of relationship between g raduate and recruiter. An additional benefit of this methodology for recruitment