Professional, Ethical, and Legal Aspects of Error Disclosure Research Paper

Professional, Ethical, and Legal Aspects of Error Disclosure - Research Paper Example One of the effective practices for error disclosure, in this case, is ensuring that the patient understand the need for repeating sampling and analysis (Kalra, 2011). If the practitioner does not report the error to the patient, the patient may be unwilling or unavailable for another sample to be taken. In my future practice as a nurse, I will always ensure that I report and disclose errors to those concerned. However, I understand that some errors are so serious that they should only be reported to the medical authority and not to the patient. To prevent committing serious errors that I will fear to disclose, I will do everything with maximum care ensuring that chances of errors are reduced. I will work with others in this concern by ensuring that I ask anything that looks unclear to me before implementing it on the patients (In Agrawal, 2014). However, the concern that I have is that errors are sometimes unavoidable yet patients take it as a sign of the incompetence of the

How and why did USA become involved in the Vietnam War Essay Example for Free

How and why did USA become involved in the Vietnam War Essay In march 12, 1947 with the truman doctrine and the newly introduced policy of containment usa decided to award itself with status of policeman of the world giving themselves a permission to intervene anywhere in the world when they consider it is neccessary. This was the policy that allowed them to interpose in vietnam. Vietnamese people under the leadership of ho chi mihn, founder of viet minh defeated french at diem bien phu who had controll over whole indochina (thailand, vietnam, combodia, laos). Although usa was sending aid to french they didnt help much because president eisenhower has just been elected to end the korean war therefore he didnt want to involve usa in another conflict. However after french defeat and the devision of vietnam into north which was communist and south usa started to realize the danger of communism spreading into asia and saw vietnam as a puppet in hands of ussr and china. in convinction that responsibility for the domino effect will be theirs if they wont do anything. n 1954 usa prevented the re-uniting free elections from taking place, foreboding uniting vietnam under communist goverment. this time they showed their resilient attitude, considering their disapproval with ussr, not holding free elections in their sattelites. nevertheless there were no elections and usa picked up anti-communist diem to become a president of south vietnam. This decision led to many protest especially from buddhist monks since diem was ignorat to their religion and culture, he himself being christian. uring his reign he forbade any elections and set members of his family into important positions. his corruption and way of controling south vietnam was the reason for more and more people joining the national front for the liberation of south vietnam, the viet cong. although usa didnt agree with his governance after his murder they continued to support his equally corrupt successor. Meantime, in usa after kennedys assasination new president was elected with completely different attitude. b johnson seemed more considered about vietnam and sent more and more military personel, the so called advisors to vietnam. During his leadership he achieved the tonkin gulf resolution under suspicious coincidences of the tonkin gulf incident, giving him ultimate power to launch immediate attack or start war without the need of consulting the idea with senate or advisors. lbj was the most involved president in vietnam war and he started the open war with vietnam. When advisors were not enough and the infiltration of north vietnamese in south vietnam became with increasing number of attacs intorelable problem, in march 1965 lbj decided to launch the operation rolling thunder, bombing of the North Vietnam and Ho Chi Minhs trail which was the major mean of supplying south vietnam by Viet Cong. within a short time usa realized that this tactics is not appropriate but they were in convinction that easing would signal their weakness. n addition this operation lasted for eight years where high explosives, herbicides to destroy the jungle and defoliant agent orange were used and more bombs were dropped on vietnam than on germany by all the allies during the second world war. despite the growing objections johnson launched full-scale war with the first conventional warfare in ia drang valley which both sides considered as victory. Although americans inflicted greater losses than they have suffered (a:300 v:2000), vietnamese held their positions. This way the war continued for number of years marked with unsuccessful negotiations with main problem of diplomacy frequently undermined by military activity at a critical moment. In 1967 in south Vietnam were held the free elections but without any communist party. Thieu was elected with a low vote but finally usa could say they are defending democratically elected goverment. in following years after the failure of previous operations, operations search and destroy was introduced which main aims were defending us bases, launching search and destroy missions. Another operation, an attempt to win the hearts and minds of the peasant was also complete failure, highlighting the main American problem misapprehension of the culture of Vietnamese people. The Vietnam war being the first televised war hugely influenced it and seeing the happenings in vietnam many student protests took place in usa, especially after the Mai Lay massacre which shocked people being the evidence that something in this war has gone wrong. n 1967 increase of bombing by more than 50%, generals still requsting more men and viet cong still holding their positions even advancing (the tet offesnive 1968) and more than 3 000 000 casualities made johnson slowly realize that this war he will not win. In 1968 johnson after many absurd years of fighting informed public that usa will halt bombing, awaiting peace talks. the president has given up ending this terrible mistake and resignated, Vietnam finally became free, united and communist.

Essay on Relationship between Art and Life in Death in Venice

Relationship between Art and Life Explored in Death in Venice      Ã‚   The novella Death in Venice by Thomas Mann examines the nature of the relationship between art and life. The progression of the main character, Gustave Von Aschenbach, illustrates the concept of an Apollinian/Dionysian continuum. Apollo is the Greek god of art, thus something Apollinian places an emphasis on form. Dionysus is the Greek god of wine and chaos, hence something Dionysian emphasizes energy and emotion. In The Birth of Tragedy Friedrich Nietzsche suggests that,"... the continuous development of art is bound up with the Apollinian and Dionysian duality--just as procreation depends on the duality of the sexes, involving perpetual strife with only periodically intervening reconciliations.. in the Greek world there existed a tremendous opposition, in origin and aims, between the Apollinian area of sculpture, and the nonimagistic, Dionysian art of music "(33). The Greeks embodied this concept in the "clear figures of their gods" just as Thomas Mann, a great reader of N ietzsche, embodied it in his characters (33).    At the beginning of the novel, Gustave is depicted as an extremely, if not overly, civilized man. He is an artist, but he approaches art coldly and rigidly. It is more a job than a joy for him, and it is actually his urge to seek "flight from his rigid, cold, and passionate service" that brings him to Venice (Mann 6). Although Gustave loves this service, he is currently in a state of frustration: "To him it seemed that his work had ceased to be marked by that fiery play of fancy that is the product of joy..." (7). His beliefs can be summarized in the words "mind and art," thus missing the crucial ingredients of life and sensuality. Gu... ... painting Figures on Rocks at the Edge of the Sea. Life is found to be problematic if lived at either extreme, a midpoint of some type must be established. A dynamic state of oscillation, the best environment for the cultivation of creativity, would have prevented Gustave's uncontrollable exhibition of previously inhibited Dionysian qualities. The ideal state for the production of art and living in general seems to be a mixture of art, mind, and life.       Works Cited Mann, Thomas. Death in Venice and Other Stories. New York: Random House, Inc., 1989. Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Birth of Tragedy from the Spirit of Music. 1872. In The Birth of Tragedy and The Case   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of Wagner. Trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Vintage Books, 1967. Vibert, Jean-Georges. Figures on Rocks at the Edge of the Sea. Snite Museum of Art, Notre Dame, Indiana.   

Critical Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.s Speech -- Papers Have D

Critical Analysis of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Speech Introduction In this critical analysis I am going to look at Martin Luther King, Jr and the 'I have a dream' speech. Martin Luther King, Jr is very distinguished due to the many outstanding achievements he accomplished throughout his life. He was an American clergyman and he accomplished the Nobel Prize for one of the principal leaders of the American civil rights movement. King's defiance to segregation and racial discrimination in the 1950's and 1960's helped persuade many white Americans to support the cause of civil rights in the United States. Following his assassination in 1968, King became a representation of protest in the struggle for racial justice. ====================================================================== Martin Luther King, Jr, History ------------------------------- Martin Luther King was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and he was the eldest son of Martin Luther King, Sr., who was a Baptist minister. His father enlisted as a pastor of a large Atlanta church, Ebenezer Baptists, which was founded by Martin Luther Kings, Jr's maternal grandfather. King attended a segregated school, where he excelled. He then entered Morehouse College at the age of 15 and graduated with a bachelor's degree in sociology in 1948. He went on to graduate, with honours, from Crozer Theological Seminary in 1951 and enrolled in Boston University where he achieved a doctoral degree in systematic theology, in 1955. Throughout his education, King was exposed to influences that associated Christian theology to the struggles of oppressed people. At Boston University,... ...', this is putting across the idea that God wants everyone to be, even blacks, and Gods wishes should be fulfilled. My opinion I found this speech very moving and very forceful with it meaning. It has shown me how many people had to fight to get the society we live in today and to achieve the racially equal society we live in. This speech influenced my protest and control song immensely because I used his ideas of everyone being the same underneath to write my lyrics. I tired to use similar techniques in my lyrics as King did in his speech, for example, repetition. Conclusion Martin Luther King fought hard for the world we live, which some people take for granted, although there is still some racial discrimination today I feel that his teachings will go on and live with me for the rest of my life.

Examination of A Performance I Was In

This term we have been working on a devised performance dealing with the theme of consequences and looking at lots the themes and issues. We have chosen the title to be ‘Consequences'. We came up with this title after the whole group had decided on what the theme would be, then once we new what the theme would be, we thought of ideas of what the title could be, and we chose ‘Consequences'. Overall the play ‘Consequences' took 4-5 weeks to put together and perform. I thought it was a worthwhile experience because this is the first time I had worked in this group as a whole class. The performance we done, took place in the main school hall because we needed the space for our traverse stage to be held in. We had the stage setting, with the audience split in half, and the performance space was in the middle so that we could be seen at all angles. To begin the topic our teacher put us into groups and then we had to think of ideas of what our play could be about. We all wrote down ideas, then read them out, and then we decided as a group to choose the best idea. The age group we wanted to aim it at is our own year 10. We chose this age group because they can relate to the issues that are being performed. They would understand about our play because they are the age we are aiming at, and could relate to what the play was. After we decided on the theme of the play we then improvised of how to get ideas and put them together, then we discussed how to script it and the structure of the play. In one drama lesson we started working on the first family scene where we were at the table scene were me and my group had to work on the family which was based on poverty. We rehearsed this so many times because we had to make this a sad family as they don't have that much money, but is was a good scene because we could make it funny as well. I played the character of a gay man, with my partner we adopted kids and we had hardly any money. My partner and I were always arguing, while the kids were around. But with my character I felt that I had to play him as a serious but emotional man, with a hard life, so to do this I had to change his tone of voice, and my body language and gesture. One moment in the scene we did was when we were sitting at the dinner table and my partner was setting there with me, and the whole family was in a bad mood, so then me and my partner started to fight, so then the kids started to fight as well, and I had to stop them. Then we all stopped and sat and at e our breakfast. While we were eating I started to tell a story about how I saw two girls stealing from the chemist. I was telling them that I hoped for them to never to do the same. But later in the play they do. We did this because we wanted to set up the next scene for us to show that are kids are so poor they are pulled into stealing. I personally feel that this scene was quite successful because we all stayed concentrated in the important time in the scene. I thought we improved the scene by keeping loud so all the audience could hear us. This made the scene more effective because it keeps up the atmosphere, and the tension of all the acting parts. One scene that was non-naturalistic was the opening scene to the play. In the opening scene we used the drama technique slow motion to a piece of music. We also used frozen images to the piece of music. The music we used was a soundtrack by ‘DMX' called ‘Slipping' the song represented everyone's downfall in the play. It complemented the action that was taking place. The stylised movement we also used was sound collage, we used the sound collage to build a atmosphere for the opening scene, by doing this we showed the audience what the play was about by revealing all the issues and gave an insight into the situation the character was in. We also used a technique called duologue so that the angel and the devil characters commented on the action. W began devising this scene by us all trying to think of strong images that could show how our family's lifestyle and the difficulties they had. The moment that was the hardest to rehearse was when we were doing the links in between each family. I thought that the audience who were watching would react to this scene by thinking that they are going to see all different consequences that happen to people when they do things. I feel that this scene did work to its full potential because when the music played, it built an atmosphere on which the audience can see, and as all the frozen images from all the families, I thought were very powerful. I feel that it worked and conveyed the desired message of community what the play was about. Overall I feel the best moment in the play was the end, because after the audience had seen all the consequences that each family had done. The ending of our play was were each main character said a few lines about what happened after all of what had been done. Some said about they wish they had never done so many things, or looked after their children better, or wished they had never put a pill in the girls drink, they were all guilty of their consequences. Each individual was to blame for his or her own downfall. As we performed this scene to the audience the characters that were being played made mistakes, but as they said their lines they knew they had done something wrong and they cant change that now, and live with it. I feel that the message we were trying to convey to the audience was ‘to think about the consequences of your action'. One moment that stood out the most and I feel conveyed the message was the end, when the audience saw the characters were saying all the things that they could of done but didn't. I feel that the message was getting across to the audience wasn't as successful because all of the audience could have been confused. I feel that it could of have been more successful if we chose an outside audience, not friends. On the scenes that we could have been improved was the scene on were we linked up to our other groups together. I felt that it would have been better if we also had more time on to set the play, and if the cast was there every day, so then we could rehearse and get every thing perfect. I feel that the work that I have been doing in my lessons this term has been quite successful because it has brought the group closer to work with each other, and it is good experience for the future. I feel that the whole experience of devising the play has been very enjoyable. I feel that it was enjoyable because this is what I like in drama GCSE. I feel as a performer I gained experience in a way that it makes me feel easier now to act in front of my friends, and now I am fully concentrated and confident in performing in front of an audience. I have learnt that for my performance next year I will be able to cope with the tension and hard work. Overall it has been a productive piece of work on what we done this term, which has been enjoyable.

Technology improves life Essays

Technology improves life Essays Technology improves life Essay Technology improves life Essay Presents, people use the engineering to do their life better, easier and more gratifying. Besides, the engineering can do their society more convenient and safe. Without the engineering the universe would nt be what it`s today. the engineering has made the universe smaller and made things easier. Harmonizing to the American heritage scientific discipline dictionary Technology is the usage of scientific cognition to work out practical jobs, particularly in industry and commercialism. Besides, the specific methods, stuffs, and devices used to work out practical jobs. ( Houghton Mifflin Company 2005 ) . One of the major benefits of engineering is the great progresss in medical scientific discipline.It saves a batch of guiltless lives and we ca nt dispensable it in medical specialty today. It discovers many serious diseases and happen newer ways to bring around them. Besides, acquiring everything easy and faster.we can download from the cyberspace any vocal, music and film alternatively of purchasing them. Although there are many benefits of engineering, what people do non understand is engineering can be harmful to the society. Omar Bradley says If we continue to develop our engineering without wisdom or prudence, our retainer may turn out to be our executioner. ( Omar Bradley 1893-1981 ) .In this essay, I would wish to analyze how the engineering can be harmful to the society. Laziness is a major side consequence of engineering in society. Who can retrieve when people had to travel to the library to research for a subject or had to travel forenoon to acquire intelligence paper? When the Internet was introduced, people neer thought it would be like today. Now, people are able to make everything in cyberspace while they are sitting such as research, acquiring the latest intelligence, reading books and directing electronic mails.Also, at the minute the talks give assignment to the pupils, they do plagiarism alternatively of traveling to the library or making by their ain word. One of the effects of engineering is cybercrime. Cybercrime is a offense related to any electronic device. Harmonizing to James R. Richards Cybercrime is computing machines are responsible straight or indirectly for every facet of our lives, from the operation of our autos to our personal banking to flux of day of the month in our concern. With the exponential rise in the legitimate ut ilizations of computing machines, it follows that there would be an inevitable addition in their bastard usage ( James R. Richards, 1999 ) . For illustration, chop the electronic mails and the computing machines are the simplest offense of cybercrime. Besides, one of the most popular offenses committed on the cyberspace is attaching web sites. In recent old ages, some instructors were hacked their computing machines by pupils to acquire the test documents. Less motivated is the 2nd consequence of engineering in society. Always people choose the easiest manner to work out their jobs and this led to less thought and work. The job is if person get in awful no 1 will assist him and this can do him defeated and less motivated. Example of less motivated is pupils fail to make their work because they play games in their computing machine all the twenty-four hours alternatively of working on their lesson program. Besides, today people start to utilize a engineering manner such as reckoner to decide mathematics exercisings alternatively of utilizing their encephalon. Less tolerant is the 3rd consequence of engineering in society.Nowadays, productiveness is the most of import but the rights and the demands of workers have become less priority.Also, the workers have to make non merely more work, but besides they have to work more faster.This schemes includes any methods for bring forthing merchandises. The job is these equipments give employers something they want: inexpensive labour, make the occupation easier and make a demand for fewer people. In this manner, engineering affects the society to go less tolerant. Therefore, people begin to anticipate these equipments to assist them to work out their jobs more quicker. Refrences 1- Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005, The American Heritage Science Dictionary, 1st edition, Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com/books? id=yKUagx8PB_EC A ; printsec=frontcover A ; dq=the+american+heritage+science # v=onepage A ; q= A ; f=false 2-Guy de la Bedoyere, 2005, The first computing machines, 1st edition, Published by Evans Brothers Limited. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.com/books? id=DPAnH6_3-UAC A ; printsec=frontcover A ; dq=inauthor: % 22Guy+de+la+Bedoyere % 22 # v=onepage A ; q= A ; f=false 3- James R. Richards, 1999, Transnational condemnable organisations, cybercrime and money laundering.

Essential elements of Calvinism Essays

Essential elements of Calvinism Essays Essential elements of Calvinism Essay Essential elements of Calvinism Essay Essay Topic: Religion John Calvin published his first edition of Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536 as he arrived in Geneva, having being expelled from his native France. Two years later, Calvin left Geneva due mainly to opposition from the council, which was increasingly dominated by Articulants who were strongly opposed Calvin and all that he stood for. From Geneva, Calvin travelled to Strasbourg where he learnt much from Strasbourgs reformer, Martin Bucer. During his time in Strasbourg Calvin worked on his institutes that expressed Calvins key beliefs and was an important element to Calvinism. Calvins theology also gave an all important representation of the reformers plans and ideas, and gave the people a clear portrayal of what was seen to be right and wrong, undoubtedly an important essence to Calvinism. The Ecclesiastical ordinances organised the reformation and were a great success to the movement. The consistory was also a key element in the success of Calvinism in the years of 1536-1564 with a strong ability to keep the population in order. Lastly, the use of French missionaries was a major element in Calvinism especially the spread of the movement across Europe. According to John Lotherington, the Institutes was the single most important book written by any of the Protestant reformers. The Institutes experienced prolific development from just six chapters in 1536 to a restructured published edition in 1539 of nearly three times the length; this continued to flourish and reached eighty chapters by 1559. The fact that they developed so extensively in length shows that Calvins views, and therefore the key ideas in his theology developed over time, according to Keith Randell; his ideas changed and developed in the light of his experiences and further study. Calvin possessed great intelligence and was very familiar with the Bible and writings of the early Church Fathers so was able to effectively express his ideas in a way which would make his ideas inarguable. Calvin had the advantage of being a second generation reformer and this is clearly revealed in his Institutes and many of the ideas expressed are in line with those of Luther but not Zwingli whom Calvin clearly regarded as being second rate, (Randell). Sola fide, (Faith Alone), was taken as the key principle, only faith was able to compensate for mankinds weakness when it came to obeying the law of God, the priesthood of all believers was accepted as a logical consequence of that. Sola scriptura, stated that the Bible alone should be the source of authority for Christians rather than the traditions of the Church or the Popes statements. Calvin was also in agreement with Zwingli and Luther in the view that there were only two sacraments, baptism and the Eucharist. However, the Institutes provided a logical statement of Protestant ideas and teachings and were far superior and important to Luthers, as Luther merely wrote pamphlets. The Institutes enabled Calvin to develop the traditional doctrine of predestination into a doctrine came to be known as double predestination, according to Randell it is the most widely known aspect of Calvins religious thinking. The original theology of predestination from St Augustine stated that God had predestined those who will go to heaven while the rest will have their fate determined by their sin, this was an idea supported by Luther. However Calvins double predestination stated that God had already decided who would go to heaven and who would go to hell, but a persons outcome could only be known after death. This could be interpreted by people as meaning that whatever they did in life did not matter, so sinning would have no effect to whether they go to heaven or hell. However, Calvin was quick to suggest that those who considered themselves damned (to hell) should not use this as an excuse to continue their evil ways, (Randell). Dont know what to do with this or if do include it at all. The Institutes of the Christian Religion outlined Calvins protestant reformation ideas and therefore were key elements in Calvinism. They played a major role in defining Calvins plans for Geneva and the spread of his ideas across the state. Calvin disregarded Zwinglis early teachings which ostensibly reduced the Eucharist to a mere tribute and symbolisation of the Last supper, Calvin stressed that the believer is fed with the substance of Christ. However, this statement is not to say that Calvin was in agreement with Luther who regarded the believer was fed with the physical substance of Christ transubstantiation, Calvin saw the bread and wine as a real but spiritual substance (Lotherington), that the believer consumed at the Eucharist. According to Woodward, Calvin attached less significance to the Eucharist than either Luther or Zwingli, perhaps he was well aware of the theological disputes generated by this subject, showing that perhaps Calvin wished to keep people on his side. As well as disagreeing with transubstantiation, Calvin also denounced indulgences, celibacy and pilgrimages and the most important doctrine to him was the justification by faith. Calvins theology was outlined in the Institutes of the Christian Religion and in four books that explained and expanded on Calvins religious beliefs, and was an invaluable aspect in developing the essential elements of Calvinism. According to Imperato the theology of Calvin was more daring than Luthers moderate beliefs and says that it offers a major alternative to the Lutheran vision of Protestantism. The four books were The Knowledge of God and the Creator, The Knowledge of God the Redeemer in Christ, on the manner of receiving the grace of Christ and on the outward means by which god invites us into the fellowship of Christ. In his first book Calvin outlined his ideas about God, such as the ideas that God is omnipotent and omniscient. In his second Calvin explored sin, an important factor as Calvin perceived much of the Genevan population as particularly unspiritual, (Randall). This book also gave the Genevans security as made clear that if they knew the real truth (Calvinism) they would go to heaven. This book therefore gave to the Genevans in Calvinism and in turn support to Calvin. The third book outlined Calvins ideas about the holy spirit belonging only to believers hearts and that God chooses who will have eternal life and who will be condemned, these ideas would have an important role in keeping control over the people and affecting their actions. The book would encourage citizens to behave if it makes clear that god has a decision over who goes to heaven and who goes to hell, it would also encourage people to embrace Calvinism if they wished to possess the Holy Spirit. The Fourth and final book described the organisation of the Church which was expanded on in his Ecclesiastical Ordinances and was a critical element of Calvinism and the imminent success of it. Calvins theology expressed the importance of congregational singing, which would have brought the church and the citizens together more, helping the population feel more at one with the church. Calvins theology gave a clear portrayal of the ideas behind the movement and played a major part in helping the population understand what they were meant to do and how they were meant to act. During his time in Strasbourg Calvin learned a lot from the citys leading reformer, Martin Bucer, and on his arrival back in Geneva in 1541 Calvin presented his plans for the reorganisation of the Church to the council, this was known as his Ecclesiastical Ordinances. He made it clear on his return that he would only remain in the city if these Ordinances were ratified with the Council and Calvin based his whole institutional Church reform around these ordinances so they were undoubtedly an essential element of Calvinism. The Ecclesiastical Ordinances created a civil and religious structure around which Calvin could foster and guide a community of believers (Armstrong). The Ordinances were partly set up in union with the Little Council which implicated that the Church and State had their own independence but also needed to work together, which ensured that Calvin could work within the system. Calvin proposed four types of church officer, which he had the likes of in Strasbourg, Pasto rs, Doctors, Deacons and Elders. Pastors would preach, teach, administer the sacraments and generally guide citizens in a Christian way of life by proclaiming the word of God (Woodward) They would meet weekly to discuss the Bible, they formed the Company of Pastors. The Doctors were to instruct the faithful in sound doctrine (Woodward), they took some of the load off the pastors in explaining the scriptures and teaching the community the true doctrine. The Deacons task was to look after the sick and needy (Lotherington) An aim was to keep vagrants off the street through offering support and by acting as an early version of the welfare state (Lotherington). This was particularly necessary in Geneva at the time given the fact that Calvinism meant an end to Catholicism and therefore an end to Catholic alms giving. Elders were appointed by the Government and met once a week to oversee the consistory; they were to supervise every persons conduct and so were spread out throughout the city to keep an eye on all of it. Calvin was not setting up a Church in rivalry to the authorities of the state; he was incorporating those authorities into the Church (Lotherington). This shows that the Ecclesiastical Ordinances gave a great sense of structure and organisation to the reformation and Calvinism itself. The fact that the Church and the authorities were working in conjunction with each other was an essential element to the overall success of Calvinism. Calvin made extensive use of French missionaries and without them Calvins word would never have spread as far as it did. The use of French missionaries is significant as it shows that Calvin only really trusted his fellow countrymen, and there was a regular influx of French immigrants to the city particularly in the 1550s. Some of the immigrants had come to the city to train as missionaries but Calvin was aware that training was inadequate, (Lotherington). Lotherington says this because the training was given by the Company of Pastors, but they were very hard pressed as it was. In 1559, the Genevan academy opened to train clergymen in the ideas of Calvinism and encourage missionary activities abroad (Imperato). The missionaries were not only used to spread the word but also to train other missionaries, this ensured that the cycle would continue and that many more people, not just in Geneva, but throughout Europe would hear Calvins ideas. The Institutes of the Christian Religion clarified the key elements of the Calvinist Reformation clear. Without the Institutes Calvins ideas and plans may not have been so evident and therefore the spread of Calvinism would not have been so wide. The Institutes outlined the theology of Calvinism which gave a clear insight into Protestantism and the ideas behind it. Calvins theology enabled the Genevan people to understand what they should believe in terms of religion and morality, i. e. what is right and what is wrong. The fact that Genevans were clear on what they should believe in terms of religion, i. e. the Eucharist meant that the ideas could successfully spread. The Ecclesiastical Ordinances helped to give a strong sense of structure and organisation to the reformation and Calvinism itself. They also led the way for the Church and authorities to work together which would prove to be a crucial element in the success of Calvinism. The Consistory was also an essential element in Calvinism as it imposed strict moral and social regulation s on the Genevan population to keep order and maximise control. The Consistory also ensured that the citizens kept to the religion as they should, the people of Geneva could do little to resist the Consistory and could in turn do little to resist the spread of Calvinism. Finally the use of French missionaries was a strong element in the dispersal of Calvins ideas across Geneva as well as the rest of Europe, without the missionaries spreading Calvins words it is very doubtful that Calvinism would have grown as successfully as it did.

i could not stop for death essays

i could not stop for death essays Emily Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830. Resembling her poetry, her relationship to the world was restrained. She has spend her entire life at home, never married, and developed a particular attention for death. Through her poetry, the reader found a particular concern for death. Because I Could Not Stop for Death, published in 1863, is one of Emilys poetry that discuss the departure of human beings to the other world. Through a deep lecture, the reader will discover wealthy meanings hidden in the tone, the style, and the different uses of the words. In this poem, Emily realizes that escaping from death is futile and the fair of death is baseless. She realized but made also the reader share it. The analyses that follow will help the poem-lover try to define and understand the different meaning of death. At the beginning of the poem, death is personified in terms of human characteristics. In fact, the fair developed by individual toward this mystical character has always been justified. Death took, through all cultures and religions, the forms of a skeleton, an old man who is repulsing, never welcome, and always feared. In this poem, Emily uses the personification of Death as a metaphor to make her reader accept the faired character. Here, Death is a gentleman, maybe good looking. The woman seems comfortable with him. She is not scared. The lady has kept herself too busy to remember death because I could not stop for death, but, he Kindly came by to take her. The poem reader didnt assist to any confrontation between Death and his prey, while most people will try to escape him she meet him with all the happiness to find someone that gentle. The use of Carriage as their way of transportation, the carriage held but just ourselves, and the presence of this gentleman lead to a Romanesqu e walking. We assist to another personification of death with the use of ourselves...

Quantitative and Qualititative reserch----teenager smoking Research Paper

Quantitative and Qualititative reserch----teenager smoking - Research Paper Example The main reason for the study is to address the increasing rates of smoking among teen in the United Kingdom. This study has two major aims. The first aim is to illustrate the negative effects of smoking, both first hand and second hand, among the teenage demography in the United Kingdom. The second aim of the research is to illustrate measures that address the health challenges cause by teenage smoking. The hypothesis for the study is that; teenager smoking has negative health consequences. The first analyzed study explains that; the addictive drug contained in cigarette smoke is called nicotine. The addiction causes the teenage smokers to go on with the habit of consuming tobacco. Addicted teenage smokers consume adequate nicotine levels to achieve their craving needs. Individuals, who crave high nicotine levels, consume more cigarette products. Tobacco smoke has more than 60 chemicals that cause cancer. Smoking, therefore, harms almost all body organs. The second study focuses on the health consequences of smoking. Short term effects of smoking include; nicotine addiction and respiratory effects. The long term effects of smoking entails reduced lung functioning and minimized lung growth. Other generate effects involves heart strokes during later stages of life, and heart diseases. The third research study shows the demographics involving teenage and children smoking. In 2014, approximately 4% of children and teens aged between 11 and 15 continuously smoke not less th an one cigarette every week. However, regular teenage smokers in the United Kingdom consume an average of 36 cigarettes per week. The three studies employed appropriate research techniques. This is because they applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches of research, during data analysis (Laura 2008). The main limitation in the three studies involved minimum time duration for collecting data. Respondents normally required adequate

Struggle with Self-Image Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Struggle with Self-Image - Research Paper Example There are certain norms in the society that dictate how people should represent themselves and people portray these images instead of a person’s personal image. This paper will discuss the struggles with self image, highlighting the conflicts between man and himself, and man and the society as seen in Walker and Orwell’s essays. The essay, â€Å"beauty: when the other dancer is the self†, is about self realization and appreciating one’s own potentials. It’s a detailed account about how the author struggled with her self- image after a childhood accident that left one of her eyes disfigured. Orwell’s essay is about the author’s experience in a British ruled Burma where he was stationed as a young inexperienced soldier. While there he had to kill an elephant that had run rampant, this triggered some ethical conflicts within him (Gausel and Leach 7). In the beginning, when Walker was young she was convinced that beauty came from what the eye meets. At the age of two she is very confident in her beauty and she says â€Å"take me daddy, am the prettiest†. The way she describes her dress, she feels that everyone is admiring her beauty. She goes ahead and states that it was not her dress that they admired but it is her spirit that they adore. This shows the self love that Alice for herself which portrays a positive image. Loving yourself portrays positive attributes about you in other people’s eyes. To begin with, self image is all on the mind. Walker’s shallow perception of beauty was short lived. After the accident she could no longer maintain the former definition. She was able to see, but she could not perceive. Little did she know that all it takes is a positive self image; that the loss of her eye does not mean that she lost her beauty. What bothered her was how the society viewed her after the accident judging from their negative glances. According to Bates (3), Walker believed that all they saw was a glob of whitish tissue, a hideous cataract. Body image is part of self image. This includes more than what we look like or how other people view us. It is how we think, perceive or react about our physical attributes. Influence of our family, peers and the society affect our body image and consequently our self image. For instance, Walker had to be taken away to live with her grandparents to avoid ridicules from other children. Her parents did not stop to think if it would affect Alice’s self image (Bates 4). A positive body image contributes to improved psychological adjustments. This is exactly what happened when Walker’s daughter said she saw a world in her eye. In her little mind her mother was beautiful and her eye was unique. This gave Walker a wakeup call and she realized she was the one to blame for the anger she felt for all those years. Orwell on the other hand begins the essay by claiming his perception on the British imperialism. He claims how evi l they are yet he is a British soldier himself. This is the first indication of his struggle with self image. Deep inside he didn’t want to gun down the elephant. He said his ultimate decision was to avoid looking bad in front of villagers; that gave him a degree of shame. This clarify the issue that self image is grounded in social relations regulated by moral standards. If self image is inherently social, then improving it results in improved social relations. It is this shame that makes him to be more concerned about how the villagers perceive him (Leary & Ashley 9). He

How global warming affects sea levels Research Paper

How global warming affects sea levels - Research Paper Example Essentially, the greenhouse effect functions in the following manner. When sunlight pierces the atmosphere and hits the earth’s surface, not all of the sun’s solar energy is absorbed. Approximately a third of it is reflected back into space. Specific atmospheric gases serve in much the same way as does the glass of a greenhouse, thus the terminology. These gases allow sunlight to penetrate then trap some of the solar energy which heats the earth (Breuer, 1980). It is a delicate balance and because these greenhouse gases have been artificially augmented by man-made sources, more build up in the atmosphere has occurred thus trapping more of the sun’s energy and reflecting less back in to space. This occurrence is causing the earth to warm. The rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere are becoming increasingly disconcerting. â€Å"The concentrations of CO2 in the air around 1860 before the effects of industrialization were felt, is assumed to have been about 290 parts per million (ppm). In the hundred years and more since then, the concentration has increased by about 10 percent.† (Breuer, 1980, p. 67). Eighty percent of the world’s population accounts for just 35 percent of CO2 emissions while the United States and Soviet Union combined are responsible for generating half. Worldwide, â€Å"carbon dioxide emissions are increasing by four percent a year.† (Miller, 1990, p. 450). Motor vehicles are a major cause of air pollution as is fuel burned for the heating of homes and powering industry along with the toxins emitted from stacks at coal-burning power plants. â€Å"Vehicles produce high levels of carbon monoxides (CO) and a major source of hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NO x), whereas, fuel combustion in stationary sources is the dominant source of sulfur dioxide (SO2)† (Breuer, 1980, p. 70). If the balance between the CO2 levels in the ocean and atmosphere is disturbed by interjecting increasing

Reflective account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reflective account - Essay Example First, this benefitted their company by producing quality service through their specialized skilled laborers. They gained the industry’s acclaim as the Best Large Company Apprenticeship in 2008. Because of their passion for becoming good at what they are doing, they acquired more clients in the business. I personally liked this initiative by the company because if I become part of their company one day, they would support my career and equip me with trainings that would make me an asset to their business. In terms of human resource development, A & P also shows the same level of dedication to their employees well-being. For example, many employees have been with them for the last thirty years. Nowadays, it is rare to see such cases of loyalty because competitors abound in a certain industry. In this case, it seems that A & P has been very good to its employees as well to their families because they remained to work for this company. In fact, a lot of old employees have forecas ted their retirement years with A & P. I was able to ask one of the employees and ask why they remained in this company and he just said† it’s like a family here†. Indeed, this is amazing and makes me interested to work here too. I also noticed that A & P observes strict regulations when it comes to safety. Areas are marked properly as well personal equipment that must be worn to keep them safe. Nothing is scattered that can cause accidents and every material is properly stored and labeled. Because of this, workers feel safe in their work environment and perform with their best effort. Aside from their focus on human resource development, I was impressed by how Pendennis manages its business development under the excellent leadership of Mr.Toby Allies. He is very professional in his dealings and takes the customer’s needs at heart. Even the five sectors under the sales and marketing department are very serious in taking notes of the customer’s commen ts. This just exemplifies good business practice, since they take care of their customers and make them feel valued. Many customers appreciate the ease of communication with the different departments inside the company since their needs or requests are promptly met. This shows that Pendennis is an open organization that is willing to innovate itself by meeting the expectations of its customers. Actually, they even go beyond what is asked of them because they inquire from customers what else they need. From what I saw, it must be exciting to work on one of their sectors and customize solutions that would please the customers. Likewise, it must also be satisfying to do business with this company because my demands would not just be met but also surpassed. Another surprising thing that I learned about Pendennis is that they only accept a number of projects at a time. This demonstrates their ability to focus on current projects instead of aiming to make more profit with many projects. T his may seem sort of a weakness to other companies, but I would appreciate this as a customer. This means that the company is willing to give its full attention to my needs adding more value to their service. In return, I would refer them to other businesses I know that would bring them more clients. Despite these advantages provided by Pendennis, A & P has a leverage when it comes to servicing customers overseas. The staff can travel to any

CREATING A BUSINESS EMAIL Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CREATING A BUSINESS EMAIL - Essay Example tment has brought to our attention that some employees either knowingly or unknowingly have installed wireless networks on the main company’s network. Whereas the company has made concerted efforts to provide wireless networks for workers, use of hot spot networks on mobile phones within our network qualifies as rogue access points. Additionally, some have gone to the extent of using Modem supported networks on office computers. However, the most risky rogue access points are made when employees try to connect their personal cell phones or laptops to other Wi-Fi supplied by unknown Wi-Fi vendors. These unsecure networks become access points in which intruders can access the main company’s network. Let us kindly remember that the effects of rogue access points on our company are detrimental. Secure networks in any business ensure that important business information does not leak to malicious people. Additionally, secure networks ensure that information systems within the business remain secure from manipulation. However, the most fateful event would happen when our business secrets leak to our business rivals. Certainly, such information may be used against us hence compromising the success of our business. As stipulated in the employment policy and regulation document, it is unlawful for any employee to act in a way that compromises the success of the company. Therefore, all employees are reminded that setting up of rogue access points using personal mobile phones as hot spots or tethering devices while working within the company’s internet is therefore unlawful. Setting up of networks using Modems is also unlawful. More often, the effects of such actions may cost us heavily hence compromising the source of income for all employees. Let us remark that honesty is one of the core pillars of our corporate culture and our success so far has only been possible through honesty and integrity that you have displayed so far. More important is the need to remember

Reflective account Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reflective account - Essay Example First, this benefitted their company by producing quality service through their specialized skilled laborers. They gained the industry’s acclaim as the Best Large Company Apprenticeship in 2008. Because of their passion for becoming good at what they are doing, they acquired more clients in the business. I personally liked this initiative by the company because if I become part of their company one day, they would support my career and equip me with trainings that would make me an asset to their business. In terms of human resource development, A & P also shows the same level of dedication to their employees well-being. For example, many employees have been with them for the last thirty years. Nowadays, it is rare to see such cases of loyalty because competitors abound in a certain industry. In this case, it seems that A & P has been very good to its employees as well to their families because they remained to work for this company. In fact, a lot of old employees have forecas ted their retirement years with A & P. I was able to ask one of the employees and ask why they remained in this company and he just said† it’s like a family here†. Indeed, this is amazing and makes me interested to work here too. I also noticed that A & P observes strict regulations when it comes to safety. Areas are marked properly as well personal equipment that must be worn to keep them safe. Nothing is scattered that can cause accidents and every material is properly stored and labeled. Because of this, workers feel safe in their work environment and perform with their best effort. Aside from their focus on human resource development, I was impressed by how Pendennis manages its business development under the excellent leadership of Mr.Toby Allies. He is very professional in his dealings and takes the customer’s needs at heart. Even the five sectors under the sales and marketing department are very serious in taking notes of the customer’s commen ts. This just exemplifies good business practice, since they take care of their customers and make them feel valued. Many customers appreciate the ease of communication with the different departments inside the company since their needs or requests are promptly met. This shows that Pendennis is an open organization that is willing to innovate itself by meeting the expectations of its customers. Actually, they even go beyond what is asked of them because they inquire from customers what else they need. From what I saw, it must be exciting to work on one of their sectors and customize solutions that would please the customers. Likewise, it must also be satisfying to do business with this company because my demands would not just be met but also surpassed. Another surprising thing that I learned about Pendennis is that they only accept a number of projects at a time. This demonstrates their ability to focus on current projects instead of aiming to make more profit with many projects. T his may seem sort of a weakness to other companies, but I would appreciate this as a customer. This means that the company is willing to give its full attention to my needs adding more value to their service. In return, I would refer them to other businesses I know that would bring them more clients. Despite these advantages provided by Pendennis, A & P has a leverage when it comes to servicing customers overseas. The staff can travel to any

Manipulating creation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Manipulating creation - Essay Example Therefore, while technology plays an important role in creating easy and comfortable lives for humanity, it is important to observe boundaries that maintain the balance of life. In the creation stories, there is a concept of God creating everything for the comfort of humankind. For example, man is in charge of all life on earth (Herzfeld 91). The implication is that man has the authority to shape the world to a shape that suits all his need. Therefore, the desire to change the nature of creation is justified by the position of man in the universe. However, this is a utilitarian view. An alternative view would mean that man has the responsibility to maintain creation as it is. In addition, changes would imply dissatisfaction with the work of the creator. Therefore, such changes would be wrong in a religious context. The illustration of the initial desire to change the nature of metals to suit the needs of humanity exposes the nature of man and his position in creation. For example, in an economic argument, the limited amounts of Gold make the metal valuable. It its quantities were to increase, its value would reduce. In addition, the other metals have more u se in building, tasks that gold cannot be used for. Therefore, the current model of creation fits the needs of humanity by availing materials in the amounts required by humankind. Therefore, the provisions of nature create a balance that makes life easier by providing the requirements of humanity at the required amounts. However, the argument of presence of diseases and other genetic disorders that complicate life and create suffering is used to challenge the principles of nature. For example, in the proposed models of nanotechnology, it is possible for doctors to remove tumors that were recently fatal to man (Herzfeld 96). In addition, the principles of alchemy were instrumental in brewing

First flight The wright brothers Essay Example for Free

First flight The wright brothers Essay People had always dreamed of flying, but before man could possibly make the â€Å"great leap forward† on the moon, its predecessors must first attempt to make the â€Å"great leap forward† to conquer the skies. In the year of 1903, the United States Army was trying to develop an airplane but failed to make a lift off the ground. Even the New York Times wrote that it would take 1million to 10 million years before anyone might be able to make a machine that would fly. Only eight days later, on the cold and windy 17th day of December morning in 1903, a â€Å"flying machine† took off and remained airborne for about 12 seconds covering a distance of just 120 feet. The two young men who made this flight possible were the Wright brothers whose feat summoned a new age in technology and human achievement. They will forever be remembered in history as the men responsible for making the first powered, heavier-than-air machine to achieve controlled, sustained flight with a pilot aboard recognized by the Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI). Three years ago, December 2003 marked the 100th Anniversary of this groundbreaking achievement. Wilbur and Orville Wright were two small town businessmen who invented a technology that would define the 20th century. Theirs is a story that has inspired many generations of young and old alike, and much more on aspiring inventors. How the brothers succeeded, who had not even finished high school, is truly remarkable considering that there were so many who tried and failed, including many renowned scientists. However, despite their unique place and honor in our history today, their claim to this aviation â€Å"first† had been laden with controversy. There were various competing parties who had laid counter-claims. Do the Wright brothers have a secure right in their claim? Wilbur and Orville Wright were children born to Milton Wright and Susan Catherine Koerner. Wilbur was born on 1867 in Indiana while Orville was born on 1871 in Ohio. Both never married. Other Wright siblings were Reuchlin, Lorin, Katherine, and twins Otis and Ida who died in infancy. Their knack for fixing and building mechanical things were influenced by their mother and even in their early years, the boys earned money by making home-made mechanical toys. However, the brother’s interest in flying objects was first developed way back to the time in 1878 when their father, who was a minister in the Church of the United Brethren in Christ, brought the boys a toy â€Å"helicopter†. It was made of paper, bamboo and cork with a rubber band to twist its rotor, making it their first ‘flying toy’, based on an invention by Alphonse Penaud. Apparently, the boys got extremely fascinated that they played with it until it broke but pursued to build their own. They would later account this early experience with a toy that sparked their interest in flying. Wilbur later wrote of the lasting impression that this incident had brought upon them: â€Å"instead of falling to the floor, as we expected, it flew across the room till it struck the ceiling, where it fluttered awhile, and finally sank to the floor†¦lasted only a short time†¦but its memory was abiding† (T. Crouch. â€Å"The Bishop Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright†). Orville’s childhood was given to mischief and was even expelled once. Wilbur on the other hand, was athletic but an injury, although not severe, caused him to become withdrawn. He later dedicated himself on caring for his mother who was terminally ill with tuberculosis and to extensive reading in his father’s library. Although he did not pursue his studies at Yale, he was a determined and methodical industrial engineer, even braving to tackle projects such as machinery research and even church building (P. Jakab. â€Å"Visions of a Flying Machine†). Both brothers finished high school education, but did not receive their diplomas. Wilbur did not receive his diploma despite completing his high school education because of the family’s decision to move from Indiana to Dayton. Orville on the other hand, dropped out after his junior year and started a printing business. Later on, Wilbur joined and served as editor while Orville was the publisher of the West Side News. In 1892, the two opened a bicycle repair and sales shop and even manufactured their own brand. This enterprise funded their renewed interest in flight.

Childrens cognitive development: social emotional newborn to preschool

Childrens cognitive development: social emotional newborn to preschool Each year myriads of children enter kindergarten or preschool unprepared cognitively. Lack of cognitive development and school readiness is a start on the wrong foot. The fact remains, todays children will be tomorrows leader, parents, workers, and citizens. It is for this reason we should encourage their cognitive development. The issue of child development has raised an assortment of theories over time and cultures to aid the process of child care and parenting. Western cultural views on this subject have been influenced by the ideas of several theorists. Child development is a complex topic as it an intricate mixture of entwined systems and mechanisms occurring in the external environment. This theoretical paper explores key aspects and issues of childrens development in a socio- emotional framework. It will focus on social and emotional development in individuals from birth to school age. Furthermore, it will analyse current research challenges in the area of cognitive development in this group and seek to address the primary criteria is for children to develop successfully. It would be apt to discuss the views of theorists in social and emotional development and additionally include the effect of nature and nurture on the childrens development. This paper will show every theory gives differing developmental views. However, one thing is certain the agreement, of all, that the external, societal environment has a key effect on child development. In conclusion, it will offer recommendations in implementing policies and initiatives to social/emotional development. What is Child Development? Child development is the biological and psychological changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence (Oates 1994). Mishra (2009) adds that it is multi-faceted, integral and continual processà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦in which children become able to handle ever more complex levels of moving, thinking, feeling and relating to others. All forms of a childs development occur when it interacts with its environment, family and society as a whole. Child development can therefore be described as the study dedicated to understanding every facet of human progression from birth to adolescence. These views show child development is a multi- disciplinary field. Kail (2006) describes the developmental stages of children as newborn (birth 1month), infant (1month-1yr), toddler (1-3yrs), pre-schooler (4-6yrs), school-aged child (6-13years), and adolescents (13yrs 20yrs). He further asserts that child development is essential to society thus importance was to be given to their social, cognitive, emotional and educational development. Core aspects of Child Development Child development occurs differently from one child to the other this is because developmental milestones are not the same for the various aspects development. (Waller 2009) acknowledged the uniqueness in each child and that there was no such thing as normal development. In the main, aside from physical development, Woodhead and Montgomery (2003) the core aspects of development as cognitive, speech and language, social and emotional, fine motor skills and gross motor skills. In reality the core aspects overlap so all areas of development are strengthened and enhanced by growth in others. Cognitive Development and Theories Cognitive (Intellectual) development is the acquisition of skills in childhood to adapt with the world around them. It plays a major role in a childs ability to think critically. These processes comprise of understanding reasoning, thinking, problem solving, learning, conceptualizing, classifying and remembering (Schaffer 2006). This assignment cannot conceivably cover all the work done on cognition in children. Dozens of child development theories exist but four exponents have contributed valued insights in this field. Each takes their cognitive development theories from a different angle. Jean Piaget expounds knowledge acquisition is an interplay between children and their environment. He gives four stages for cognitive evolution. Piaget noted that each stage of cognitive development was qualitatively different from the previous and the next. Piagets stages of cognitive development were; Sensorimotor (birth 2yrs), Preoperational (2 7yrs), Concrete operations (7 11yrs) and Formal operations (11 years on). Periods were based on approximation. Initially, Children were seen as little adults but Jean Piaget showed that childrens thinking capacities did not gradually improve with maturity but rather went through transformations in logical competency, passing through a sequence of stages in development. This explains why a four month old baby learning to explore his environment kicks his feet to move a mobile suspended above his crib. Other theorists, like Vygotsky, Erikson, and Gesell contend that Piagets early theories are flawed or incomplete. Vygotskys underlying theoretical framework argued that social interaction played key part in cognition development. He states every function in the child cultural development appears twice: first on the social level, and later on the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. This applies equally to voluntary attention, to logical memory and the formation of ideas (Vygotsky 1978). Gesell argued that cognitive development has a timetable which is decided by genetics. He, like Piaget, deemphasizes the individual differences in children and he stresses the significance of maturation. He believed that skills and abilities appeared in a predictable order and that because children were subject to preordained developmental forces their behaviours were not accidental. He offered four areas of behavioural development; motor, language, adaptive and personal-social. Erikson like Gesell was more interested in the emotional aspect of child development. He thought of development in terms of stages as well but his theory differs from Piagets in that the accent was on the individual differences in children. Social and Emotional Development Sroufe (1996) gave a definition of emotion as a subjective reaction to a salient event, characterised by physiological experiential and overt behavioural change. Emotions are an innate part our nature gain as a hereditary trait. Cognitive and emotional development are usually seen as disconnect processes. Bell Wolfe (2004) showed both behaviours and developments to be link; acting on each other to process ideas, information and action. Eriksons theory on Psychosocial Development Eriksons psychosocial development is possibly the best known theory in psychology. Like Freud, Erikson believed that personality developed in a succession of stages. But his theory differed from Freuds on two counts. Firstly Erikson stated that children were active and enquiring explorers who sought to adapt to their environment, other than a reactive or passive slave to the genetics of their parents. Erikson held that in every stage of life individuals must negotiate social realities to adapt effectively and show a normal development pattern. With social interaction our Ego Identity develops. According to Erikson the ego identity regularly changes as a result of new information gained daily by our day to day interaction with others. Secondly, Erikson placed lesser accent on sexual tendencies than Freud psychosexual theory. He places more accents on cultural influences and explains the impact of social experiences over an individuals lifetime. Erikson held the view that a sense of competency motivated actions and behaviours but managing a crisis inadequately made the individual feel a failure. For Erikson development was a life-long process and his eight stages of man theory confirms this proposing that development of man began at birth and ended with old age and death. Greene (2008) adds that each developmental stage was a new plateau for developing mastery within the context of social factors. As mentioned earlier the socialization process had eight psychosocial stages (crises) during an individuals lifetime. All crises need to be resolved successfully to work towards an acceptable resolve in the next crises. Erikson viewed these conflicts as areas of developing or failing in psychological quality. In all crises there is an equal potential for success or failure in personal growth. His eight stages of psychosocial development are, in order, Trust verses Mistrust, Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt, Initiative versus Guilt, Industry versus Inferiority, Identity versus Confusion, Intimacy versus Isolation, Generativity versus Stagnation, and finally Integrity versus Despair. This final crisis appears in the aged and focuses on reflection of life. In who are unsuccessful at this stage will feel that life has been wasted and experience pain and regret leading to bitterness and despair. On the other hand, individuals who are proud of their accomplishments feel a sense of integrity. A successful completion means satisfaction with few regrets, if any. Such individuals, Erikson claims, will achieve wisdom even on confrontation with death. Challenges to Eriksons theory on Development Eriksons psychosocial theory is still held in high regard widely but there are critics, as with all concepts and models that challenge his ideas. His model is made up of stages. This brings in the idea of discontinuity which stresses that development happens in a succession of sudden changes that develop into changes. Continuity theorists disagree, arguing that individuals developed in smaller stages with no sudden change. For example language development and physical growth are a gradual, smooth continuous growth. Erikson didnt accept defeat in this argument. He suggested that early stage experiences had a bearing with later stage experiences subsequently they were connected in a manner to show continuity. For some his theory is seen as too generalised. Stevens (1983) suggests his theory lacks rigour. In his theory behaviours and mechanisms cannot be easily identified as the often appear unclear. Also being challenged are the overlapping stages. Yet, it may have been a true reflection of its nature as opposed to being inadequate. Erikson, himself, affirms that his theory was based on clinical studies and that all walks of people gave him access to their life experiences. He does accept that due to this his theory could be culture or class driven. He sought to rectify his assertion through his study of anthropology where he compared and debated the life cycles of different societies. Erikson conceptualization of identity was based on the modern western society only. This paved the way for the possible criticism of cultural bias. Nature versus Nurture Influence The nature verses nurture debate is a controversial issue that surrounds cognition. The question arises as to which influences development and whether the influence of genetics and the environment can be separated. Not easily. It may be safe to assume that genetic and the environment balance an individuals trait and behavior. Neither one influences on its own as without one the other is not triggered. Genes have an effect on personality and behavior nonetheless the environment transforms and shapes the reaction of people. This debate will stay ongoing as accurately pinpointing where either gene or environment step in is nigh on impossible. John Locke (1693) disagreed with the view that infants were miniature adults who were born fully equipped with abilities and knowledge. He further introduced the concept of tabula rasa (blank slate) as a description of a newborn babys mind. Children to him were born neither good nor sinful but ready to be formed by their education and experiences. The arrival of the 20th century brought in new ideas from behaviourists who asserted that early training of children turned them into any type of adult irrespective of genes. It is apt to then to look at other features like the cultural background of the child, timing of experiences and ecological factors. They saw the time of an experience occurred would have a significant influence on a childs development. Conclusion Eriksons model recognises the massive role the social environment plays in shaping a childs sense of self. His theory, as we have seen, was based on the premise that individuals interact with countless people, starting with mother and ending with society as a whole. His life cycle stages offers a glimpse into the various stages of babies infants, pre-schoolers etc. It can be seen that successful socio-emotional and cognitive development can bring about behaviours that assist in cognitive development in children. The environment has to be physically and cognitively stimulating to offer fresh concepts while the familiarity is maintained. Such environments should let the child see and be a part of society so that societal norms can be experienced. We have seen that the great theorists are all in agreement that society plays a major part in childrens development. It is becomes apparent as we see that if children are to develop successfully they must confidently understand the mechanisms and works of their own society. This is so that they can adjust or adapt their behaviour to fit in the society. The paper shows that all developmental aspects are closely interrelated. So, the criterion required for successful cognitive and emotional development resides in an environment which lets the child develop and achieve their needs whilst allowing them to learn about their society. We found that emotional development requires thinking to interpret the various situations, understand peoples reactions, so that behaviours and responses are moulded accordingly. The pressures of present society, family and relationships plus the zest for personal development and fulfilment make Eriksons theory very pertinent. His theory is amongst other reasons useful for self-awareness, teaching, coaching managing, applying to conflict resolution and perhaps most important of all parenting.

To Homeschool or Not to Homeschool, That is the Question Essay

When a child walks out the door to his first day of school, a parent may ponder about his child’s future. Will he be a doctor or a lawyer? Is music or art in his future? Although most of the questions parents deliberate are positive in nature, fears also arise. Will he be smart? Will he fit in socially with others? From a child’s educational to social growth, parents have a responsibility to navigate their child down a path which will yield the greatest reward. Of these paths are public schools, private schools, online school or homeschooling. Within these schooling options, numerous factors enter into the final determination. Time commitment and money required are two of the biggest factors parents consider when choosing how their children will be educated. Caring parents want the best for their children and know they have only one chance to make the right educational decision. Although the homeschooling option may have some positive attributes steering par ents toward choosing this method, the negative aspects prove it is not the most beneficial choice for a student or his family. Different scenarios of instruction fall under the homeschooling umbrella. Whether a child is actually taught at home with a curriculum his parents either purchased or drafted themselves, or the child is taught online via a home-study course, all are types of homeschooling. In addition, some parents practice a homeschooling method known as unschooling. In this situation, parents fill their house with â€Å"encyclopedias, history books, art supplies, games and other learning tools that children are free to take up if or when they choose.† (Home schooling). This type of schooling uses daily life lessons to incorporate the core subject learning... ...r. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. â€Å"Preface to ‘Why Do Parents Choose to Homeschool?’.† Homeschooling. Ed. Myra Immell. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Current Controversies. Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context.Web. 25 Apr. 2012. Shives, Steve. â€Å"Homeschooling Curricula Do Not Meet Academic Standards.† Homeschooling. Ed. Noah Berlatsky. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. From â€Å"Homeschoolers Who Don’t Learn Science Shouldn’t Receive a Diploma.† American Chronicle. 2008. Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 30 Apr. 2012. â€Å"Tuition & Class Fees.† The Academy of Creative Learning. 2012. N.p., n.d., Web. 30 Apr. 2012. http://www.azpianoforte.com/464001.html Wilson, Jacque. â€Å"Unschoolers learn what they want, when they want.† cnn.com. 2011. N.p., 3 Aug. 2011. Web. 27 April 2012.

The Origination Of Punk Rock Essays -- essays research papers fc

The Origination of Punk Rock   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The time was in the mid-seventies, there was a void in the music industry that needed to be filled. This need for a new sound was aptly filled by punk rock, a new type of sound that had evolved from mostly rock and a little pop music. The focus of this paper is on punk rock and it’s ample beginnings, early pioneers of the new sound, punk rock listener’s cultural background and their ideas as a whole, bands influenced by the punk rock movement, and the state of punk rock today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The year is 1974, this year marks the birth of punk rock (1974). There is controversy as to where punk started out at, some say it began in London while others say it started out in New York City. It can be safe to say that two very distinct sounds classified as punk originated at about the same in both London and New York City (Punk). Punk rock began in the bars and nightclubs until the bands garnered enough support to receive a record contract.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the punk rock explosion occurred in the mid-seventies, a number of new, excitingly innovative bands burst upon the scene. Bands like the Ramones, The Clash, The Velvet Underground, The Virgin Fugs, Patti Smith, The New York Dolls, Iggy Pop and The Stooges, and the punk band with the most success, The Sex Pistols. The thing that made punk rock so unlike anything the music industry had heard before was the notable lack of talent displayed on the musician’s part. Not to say that all punk bands were devoid of any talent, just that anyone with second-rate instruments and the ability to play at least three chords on the guitar could form a punk band. This is part of what punk’s appeal was, it was a new sound that appealed to many of the youths of that era. As Johnny Ramone, the guitarist for the Ramones, stated, â€Å"We were new at writing songs and new at playing our instruments, so we couldn’t write anything too complicated, really† ( 1974). Punk rock bands often had a flair for the flamboyant, not just with their appearance but with their humor, sarcasm, and often carelessness about society and social norms. For example, The Virgin Fugs, their outlook on life is often displayed in the titles of their songs. Songs like â€Å"I Saw The Best Minds of My Generation Rot†, â€Å"Kill For Peace†, and â€Å"New Amphetamine Shriek† captured the F... ..., Bad Brains were all heavily influenced by the punk revolution (History). Also, bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam seem to have the mind frames of punk rockers and were undoubtedly influenced by them, the sound doesn’t carry over into their own music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Punk, as it was really intended, will never become commercialized and incorporated as a large part of the music scene. But then again, punk was based on rebellion against mainstream culture and to be publicized and critically acclaimed would be contradictory to the basis of everything punk stands for. True, one can see bands on MTV that claim to be punk, but the true hardcore punk fans will tell you that they are posers. The industrialized, commercialized, mainstream music seen on MTV is really more like punk/pop, it’s good music that may have been influenced by punk, but not true punk rock.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited â€Å"A History of Punk† http://www.fastnbulbous.com/punk.htm â€Å"Punk† http://www.music.warnerbros.com/rocknroll/cmp/episode9.html â€Å"The Birth of Punk† http://www.pqdweb?TS=953580845&Did=000000042640912&Mtd=1&Fmt=3&Sid=1&Idx=21&Deli=1&3/20/00 The Origination Of Punk Rock Essays -- essays research papers fc The Origination of Punk Rock   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The time was in the mid-seventies, there was a void in the music industry that needed to be filled. This need for a new sound was aptly filled by punk rock, a new type of sound that had evolved from mostly rock and a little pop music. The focus of this paper is on punk rock and it’s ample beginnings, early pioneers of the new sound, punk rock listener’s cultural background and their ideas as a whole, bands influenced by the punk rock movement, and the state of punk rock today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The year is 1974, this year marks the birth of punk rock (1974). There is controversy as to where punk started out at, some say it began in London while others say it started out in New York City. It can be safe to say that two very distinct sounds classified as punk originated at about the same in both London and New York City (Punk). Punk rock began in the bars and nightclubs until the bands garnered enough support to receive a record contract.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the punk rock explosion occurred in the mid-seventies, a number of new, excitingly innovative bands burst upon the scene. Bands like the Ramones, The Clash, The Velvet Underground, The Virgin Fugs, Patti Smith, The New York Dolls, Iggy Pop and The Stooges, and the punk band with the most success, The Sex Pistols. The thing that made punk rock so unlike anything the music industry had heard before was the notable lack of talent displayed on the musician’s part. Not to say that all punk bands were devoid of any talent, just that anyone with second-rate instruments and the ability to play at least three chords on the guitar could form a punk band. This is part of what punk’s appeal was, it was a new sound that appealed to many of the youths of that era. As Johnny Ramone, the guitarist for the Ramones, stated, â€Å"We were new at writing songs and new at playing our instruments, so we couldn’t write anything too complicated, really† ( 1974). Punk rock bands often had a flair for the flamboyant, not just with their appearance but with their humor, sarcasm, and often carelessness about society and social norms. For example, The Virgin Fugs, their outlook on life is often displayed in the titles of their songs. Songs like â€Å"I Saw The Best Minds of My Generation Rot†, â€Å"Kill For Peace†, and â€Å"New Amphetamine Shriek† captured the F... ..., Bad Brains were all heavily influenced by the punk revolution (History). Also, bands like Nirvana and Pearl Jam seem to have the mind frames of punk rockers and were undoubtedly influenced by them, the sound doesn’t carry over into their own music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Punk, as it was really intended, will never become commercialized and incorporated as a large part of the music scene. But then again, punk was based on rebellion against mainstream culture and to be publicized and critically acclaimed would be contradictory to the basis of everything punk stands for. True, one can see bands on MTV that claim to be punk, but the true hardcore punk fans will tell you that they are posers. The industrialized, commercialized, mainstream music seen on MTV is really more like punk/pop, it’s good music that may have been influenced by punk, but not true punk rock.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited â€Å"A History of Punk† http://www.fastnbulbous.com/punk.htm â€Å"Punk† http://www.music.warnerbros.com/rocknroll/cmp/episode9.html â€Å"The Birth of Punk† http://www.pqdweb?TS=953580845&Did=000000042640912&Mtd=1&Fmt=3&Sid=1&Idx=21&Deli=1&3/20/00

Ap English Literature and Composition

AP English Literature and Composition â€Å"Only connect!†¦. Live in fragments no longer! † General Course Information 1. 0 Credits (. 5 per semester) Prerequisites: Accelerated English is recommended Course Overview †¢ This class will prepare students for AP English Literature and Composition Exam, as well as the AP English Language and Composition Exam. When registering for exams in the Spring, students will choose which exam to take. †¢ This course is set according to the requirements listed in the AP English Course Description. †¢ The reading in the course will cover a wide variety of genres.You will be introduced to everything from formal literary theory to creative writing. Deep reading, the kind that poses as many questions as it answers, will be expected. We will read for a variety of reasons, sometimes to grasp a thematic element and sometimes to simply enjoy the sounds of words. We will not only identify literary elements, but also why they are us ed and discuss their effectiveness. We will read across curriculums and relate English literature and its themes to those in philosophy, science, and psychology. †¢ This course also intends to hone your skills as writers.We will learn how to appeal to a certain audience and how vocabulary and structure change depending on the type of writing. We will practice deep revision and constantly recognize that writing is not simply putting thoughts down on a page, but a craft that takes a lifetime to perfect. We will discover our own individual styles as writers and use these to our advantage. Mechanics, citations, and technical writing will all be monitored closely. Above all though, we will see how our own words can excite, persuade, and create understanding. †¢ Finally, the course will hopefully make you a critical thinker.We live in the information age and no skill will be more in need than the ability to interpret information. The critical thinking skills you develop in this class will go on to help you on the AP Exams, the SAT, and in almost every aspect of your life. †¢ This course is divided around the different thematic ideas of conflict in literature, non-fiction, and life in general. While the traditional elements of conflict seem simple, we will explore the motives behind them. Finally, we will attempt to figure out how the characters choose to live (or die) with conflict and find resolution.Through non-fiction, we will explore how conflict has been created and resolved through rhetoric and argument. And how a well-written and polished argument can create a path of possibility even through the most mired of conflicts. Elements of the course: †¢ Writing. Drafts will be submitted to me and returned with comments. All papers will have a first and a final draft. Students may be asked to correct their drafts twice before submitting a final draft. All compositions will be graded on the AP rubric. One Friday a month, students will access their writing from the past month from their portfolio in class.During this time, we will have a writer’s workshop and address specific revision strategies. We will focus on revising sentence structure, organization, rhetorical structures, transitions, detail, imagery, conventions, and grammar. While timed writings are a part of this class, the Friday writer’s workshops will illustrate the importance of constant and careful revision. Students will also sign up for a meeting with me after-school every 2 months. At the first meeting, students will discuss with me their strengths and weaknesses. Together, we will assess their improvement throughout the year. †¢ Wordly Wise Vocabulary book will be due weekly.Periodic quizzes will test students’ knowledge. Wordly Wise is an excellent preparation for the SAT. The class will also have a Word Wall. The Word Wall will function to remind students of past vocabulary learned and encouraged the use of new vocabulary in writi ng. †¢ One interactive class project will happen for every unit. The project will often involve synthesizing knowledge from the unit and applying it to something outside English class: art, nature, current events, family life, etc. †¢ Reading journals: Students will keep dialectical reading journals throughout the course. These journals will help facilitate deep and thorough reading. he reading journal is also a great place to practice writing and collecting your thoughts cohesively. We will continuously use the reading journal in class discussion and come back to it to get ideas for essays. The reading journal will be counted as a grade underneath the writing category. Grading: |Writing (Journal included) |50% | |Exams |20% | |Vocabulary |10% | |Assignments and Projects |20% | Course Syllabus: Unit 1: Introduction 4 weeksReadings: †¢ Class Handouts †¢ â€Å"Allegory of the Cave† by Plato †¢ â€Å"Good Readers, Good Writers† by Vladimir Nabokov †¢ Excerpts from â€Å"Why I Write† by Joan Didion †¢ â€Å"Finishing School† by Maya Angelou †¢ Excerpt from Dust Tracks on a Road by Zora Neale Hurston †¢ â€Å"My Mother Never Worked† by Bonnie Smith-Yackel †¢ Everything’s an Argument by Andrea Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz †¢ Current articles from the New York Times Discussion Topics: The first few days in class will be spent looking at class policies, organizing notebooks, and receiving helpful information on the strategies we will use throughout the year. SOAPSTone, Dialectical Journal explanation, AP terms list, DIDLS, etc. ) Our first reading will be Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave. † Plato tells us that ideas, not necessarily our experiences, are reality. This argument will encourage us to look deeper into the ideas behind what we are reading and writing. Essays from Didion and Nabokov will give us specific tips on how to begin our journey as acc omplished readers and writers. Then, we will switch gears to a short segment on narrative writing where will read 3 excellent examples of narrative in time for us to write our own narrative essay.While studying narrative writing, we will focus on specific examples of excellence in sentence structure, form, organization, and conventions. Finally, we will spend two weeks studying the text Everything’s an Argument, which we will continue to refer to throughout the year. We will learn how to identify successful rhetorical structures and use them in our own writing. During this examination of rhetorical analysis, we will use current New York Times editorials. Our writer’s workshop will for this unit will focus on varying our sentence structure for emphasis and effect. Assessments: Composition: AutobiographyComposition: Narrative essay over family Timed Writing: 2010 English Language and Composition Released Free Response Questions Argument Analysis: NY Times articles Writer ’s Workshop: Sentence structure Unit 2: Person vs. Nature 5 weeks Reading: †¢ Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe †¢ â€Å"The Santa Ana† by Joan Didion †¢ Poetry of William E. Stafford †¢ Excerpts from Maslow’s â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation† †¢ Desert Solitaire by Edward Abbey †¢ Excerpts from Walden by Henry David Thoreau †¢ â€Å"The American Forests† by John Muir Viewing: †¢ Clips from Man vs. Wild Discussion topics: Person vs. Nature is possibly the oldest conflict in the world.Maslow theorizes that we cannot ascend up the hierarchy of needs until our most basic needs are met. Robinson Crusoe is essentially the story of a man having to begin at the bottom of the hierarchy and work his way up. Person vs. Nature is often illustrated with diction and imagery. In Stafford’s poetry and Didion’s essay, we are invited into their personal experience of nature through word and image choices. Finall y, we see how the person vs. nature conflict changes as technology begins to take care of our rudimentary needs. In Desert Soltaire, nature maintains little of its aggressor status.Instead, man takes over as the force bent on destruction. Finally, we will end our discussion of person vs. nature by taking a field trip to McKinney Falls State Park. There, we will take pictures to provide visual evidence of multiple points of conflict. Our Writer’s Workshop will highlight organization. We will review our own strengths and weaknesses in organization from our past unit’s writing. Assessments: Composition: Using Maslow’s â€Å"Theory of Human Motivation† to explain Robinson Crusoe Composition: Literary analysis of imagery in Stafford poetry Composition: Compare/Contrast- Abbey and ThoreauTimed Writing: 2002 AP English Language and Composition Free-Response Questions Form B Argument analysis: John Muir’s letter to Congress Project: Field trip to McKinney Falls State Park. Capture visual evidence using cameras that illustrates the conflict of person vs. nature. Writer’s Workshop: Organization Unit 3: Person vs. Person 6 weeks †¢ A River Runs Through It by Norman McClean †¢ â€Å"Speech to the Troops at Tillbury† by Queen Elizabeth †¢ â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women† by Mary Wollstonecraft †¢ â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin †¢ Excerpts from â€Å"A Room of One’s Own† by Virginia Woolf †¢ â€Å"I Want a Wife† by Judy Brady All the Pretty Horses by Cormac McCarthy †¢ Selected poetry of e. e. cummings Viewings: Discussion topics: A River Runs Through It is the perfect bridge between discussion of the conflicts in nature to the conflicts between people. We will explore familial conflicts and traditional family archetypes. After we finish the novella, we will take a look at another reoccurring person vs. person conflict: gender roles. Queen Elizabeth, in her â€Å"Speech to the Troops at Tillsbury† used certain rhetoric to explain herself that was needed at the time. We will focus on how that language changed as women gained more equality.Finally, we will focus on style and the creative use of structure across two genres: novel and poetry. All the Pretty Horses will take us through several conflicts as John Grady Cole becomes an adult. Most striking though is McCarthy’s mastery of prose and creativity in structure. We will then make a comparison to e. e. cummings poetry, which also manages to leave out what we expect in format, in order to open our eyes to the exuberant images the poet provides. Our writer’s workshop will focus on how to add specific and concise, yet eye-opening detail to our writing.We will use our previous work in Unit’s 1 and 2 to revise and add detail. Assessment: †¢ Composition: Jung’s Archetypes in Literature †¢ Composition: The changing language of the women’s movement †¢ Composition: Analysis in style of either Cormac McCarthy’s All the Pretty Horses or e. e. cummings †¢ Timed Writing: 2004 AP English Literature and Composition Free-Response Questions (Form B) †¢ Argument Analysis: â€Å"A Vindication of the Rights of Women† by Mary Wollstonecraft †¢ Project: Use Feminist Literary Criticism to analyze a children’s picture book. Writer’s Workshop: Detail Unit 4: Person vs. Himself 6 weeks Readings: †¢ King Lear by Shakespeare †¢ Sylvia Plath poetry †¢ â€Å"The Jilting of Granny Weatherall† by Katherine Anne Porter †¢ â€Å"Fate† by Ralph Waldo Emerson †¢ Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad †¢ â€Å"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness† by Chinua Achebe †¢ â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† by George Orwell Viewings: †¢ Excerpts from Apocalypse Now Discussion Topics: King Lear will b egin with family conflicts but by the end of the play, we will see a new type of conflict arise.Lear will have to grapple with his failing sense of reality and atone for what he now sees as his past sins. Katherine Anne Porter’s short story will also show the failure to grasp reality. Through the stream of consciousness point of view, the reader will feel like they are losing their grip on reality as well. Emerson’s poem will help us to understand if Lear’s problems were fate, or if fate merely took the fall for Lear’s bad judgment. Heart of Darkness is tied very closely to two types of conflict: person vs. himself and person vs. society. We will see how Kurtz’ descent into madness (yes!There will be many descents into madness in this unit! ) was caused by the evils of colonialism. Achebe argues in his essay â€Å"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness† that while Conrad was arguing against imperialism, he was doing so from a racist standpoint. We will analyze Achebe’s argument. Orwell will close out the unit by illustrating his own personal conflict with duty and attempt to â€Å"avoid looking a fool† in imperialist times. The Writer’s Workshop will focus on conventions, specifically advanced punctuation and its uses.Assessments: †¢ Composition: Characterization. Choose a character from King Lear, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, or Heart of Darkness. Analyze the literary techniques that are used to illustrate insanity and the onset of madness. †¢ Composition: From the 2004 Exam- â€Å"Contemporary life is marked by controversy. Choose a controversial local, national, or global issue with which you are familiar. Then, using appropriate evidence, write an essay that carefully considers the opposing positions on this controversy and proposes a solution or compromise. †¢ Timed Writing: 2003 AP English Literature and Composition Free-Response Questions †¢ Argument Analysis: â€Å"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s Heart of Darkness† †¢ Project: Using the class copy of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 1994, create a power-point presentation that diagnoses either Lear or Kurtz with a particular mental illness. †¢ Writer’s Workshop: Conventions Unit 5: Person vs. Society 6 weeks Readings: †¢ The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien †¢ Political Cartoons from the Vietnam Era †¢ â€Å"Mutual Deterrence† Speech by Sec. f Defense Robert McNamara †¢ War Poetry Selections: â€Å" Dulce Et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen; â€Å"The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner† by Randall Jarrell; â€Å"An Irish Airman Foresees His Death† by William Butler Yeats; â€Å"My Father Leaves for Vietnam† by Lenard D. Moore; â€Å"Palestine† by Lorna Dee Cervantes; â€Å"The Daisy Cutter† by Louise Rill †¢ The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner †¢ â€Å"Living Under Circe’s Spell† By Matthew Soyster Viewing: †¢ â€Å"The War in Vietnam- A Story in Photographs† from The National Archives †¢ Excerpts from â€Å"Reporting America at War: The Reporters† from pbs. org †¢ Excerpts from The Fog of WarDiscussion Topics- We will begin studying person vs. society by examining how the life of a soldier is deemed honorable and sometimes necessary by society, but often looks mundane and horrific on an individual level. The Things They Carried will take us to one of the more controversial wars, Vietnam. By looking through collections of war photography from the National Archives and watching evening news broadcasts, we will determine what role the media had on the society’s opinion of the war. By reading a collection of war poetry, we will look at the emotional toll that war exacts on individuals.Then, we will shift gears and begin reading The Sound and the Fury, a novel where each character struggles against societal norms that no longer fit the family’s reality. Finally, we will read Soyster’s essay on disability and the struggles associated with it. The Writer’s Workshop for this unit will focus on broad, thematic revision by evaluating the effectiveness of our thesis statements in our portfolio. Assessments: †¢ Composition- Research Topic: Choose one form of media. (Some examples could be television, movies, internet, telephones, etc.You may not choose photography. ) Research and examine the chosen media form’s impact on modern warfare. It should include both positive and negative impacts. †¢ Composition- Persuasive essay: Where should we draw the line with war photography? †¢ Composition- Literary analysis of symbolism in The Sound and the Fury. †¢ Timed Writing- 2001, Question 3- the Sontag photography piece, On Photography, 1977. †¢ Argument Analysis- â€Å"Mutual Deterrence† Speech by Sec. of Defense Robert McNamara †¢ Project- We will create a family tree that spans back 3-4 generations.As a class, we will discuss what â€Å"societal values† are family tree puts on us. We will take a particular look at any â€Å"values† that are placed there because of our blood and not because of our reality. †¢ Writer’s Workshop- Thesis Revision Unit 6: Resolutions 5 weeks â€Å"Only connect! That was the whole of her sermon. Only connect the prose and the passion, and both will be exalted, and human love will be seen at its height. Live in fragments no longer. Only connect, and the beast and the monk, robbed of the isolation that is life to either, will die. – Howard’s End Readings: †¢ Howard’s End †¢ â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver †¢ â€Å"On Self-Respect† by Joan Didion †¢ Poetry of Kahil Gibran †¢ Faulkner’s Nobel Acceptance Speech †¢ Woody Allen’s â€Å"My Speech to the Graduates† Viewings: †¢ Howard’s End 1992 version †¢ Discussion Topics: We will end the year with a Victorian class study in the novel Howard’s End. With a host of characters, we will see how some are able to overcome the conflicts and others do not. We will also look at â€Å"connecting the prose with the passion† as we reflect on our studies this year.Before exams, we will take a full week to do practice exams and prepare the final touches on our AP experience. Finally, we will read several writers who focus on resolution rather than conflict. Through emotional experience, logical thinking, and even humor, we will see how characters and people in real life live and deal with conflict. Assessments: †¢ Composition: Analyze the role the house plays in the novel Howard’s End. †¢ Composition: Write a mock graduation speech that includes at least 4 quotes from readings throughout the year. †¢ Composition : â€Å"A picture is worth a thousand words. In our age of information, is a picture/movie/symbol worth more than the written word? Use the Rogerian style to persuade your audience. †¢ Timed Writings: Students will choose 3 timed writings to practice from released exams. †¢ Project: Collage. As a class, we will create a pictorial collage that represents conflict in the literature we have read and in life. We will then put quotes and phrases from the literature and essays we have read that illustrate overcoming conflict. The last part of the collage will show representations of different resolutions in life.