Thursday, September 3, 2020

Their Eyes Were Watching God1 essays

Their Eyes Were Watching God1 articles In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie fights to discover Individualism inside herself. Janie, for her entire life, had been pushed around and determined what to do and how to live her life. She looked and looked all over to discover a harmony that makes her entirety what's more, causes her to feel like a total individual. To cause her to feel like she is in actuality an individual and that dislike every other person around her. During the hour of Their Eyes, the right method to treat ladies was to give them who was in control and who was second rate. Men were looked to as the predominant being, the person what women's identity was assumed to gaze upward to and serve. Particularly in the way that Janie was an African American ladies during these persecuted occasions. All through this book, it looks like Janie commits numerous errors in attempting to discover who she truly is, and accomplishing the regard that Living with her Grandmother and theWashburns, Janie was encircled and brought up with white kids. She generally accepted that she was white herself, and that she was the same than any other individual. As she was growing up, she was determined what to do and the most effective method to live by her grandma. Janies grandma arranged her life out for her. She disclosed to her that she should escape. Better believe it, Janie, youse got yo womanhood on yuh. So Ah mout ez well tell yuh whut Ah been savin up for uh spell. Ok needs to see you wedded immediately. Janies grandma wanted what was best for Janie, however she essentially instructed her as opposed to telling her what she needed for her. Janies grandma advised her precisely who she would wed and who she wasnt indeed, even to consider. Whut Ah seen a little while ago is bounty for me, nectar, Ah dont need no trashy negro, no breath-and-britches, lak Johnny Taylor usin yo body to wipe his foots on. Brothe... <!

Saturday, August 22, 2020

What Are Common App Essay Topics?

What Are Common App Essay Topics?Common App essay topics are a good way to get your high school student to write. It is a proven method of acquiring good writing skills and thus helping in their later career in writing. There are many essay topics which can be used as Common App essay topics.Themes should always be chosen very carefully so that the essay topic you pick is one that is very relevant to your main subject. It should also have relevance to the course material, therefore it is important to check what is being taught in the course or in the curriculum. The concept should not be something which is not supported by the subject.Check out the topics that are used in every Common App topic to be sure that they are appropriate. Topics which are used more frequently tend to be popular. Therefore it is better to use one of these common topics than to use a completely new topic. However, you need to make sure that the topic that you choose is in keeping with the syllabus as well as the subject matter.Choosing essay topics is usually done by the teachers' assistants in the course. You can get help from the professor in this regard. Other students may also want to write essays for the Common App.You can also come up with your own essays. Write them as they would be for a quiz or test. If you have taken a test in the past in class, do not be ashamed to go back and give your essay.Essays are not like tests where you cannot go back and revise your essays and retake them. You can use the same essay topic for more than one time.Common App essays help in ensuring that your child is disciplined. The teacher will make sure that the essay topics are indeed relevant to the subject. You can also consider spending time to write them yourself, especially if you like to write on a regular basis.Common App essay topics are a good way to build on writing skills. The curriculum has focused on this and children can benefit from it.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Venezuela Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Venezuela Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Venezuela THE THIRD WORLD NATION OF VENEZUELA Venezuela, formally Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is the 6th biggest nation in South America, one of a kind in scene, vegetation, fauna, and natural life that equals the bigger countries in South America. Truth be told, because of it's uniqueness, Venezuela is as much a Caribbean nation as it is a South American one. Venezuela lies at the northern extraordinary of South America, circumscribed by Columbia toward the West, Brazil toward the South, Guyana toward the East, and the Caribbean Sea toward the North. The nation is a little more than 900,000 square kilometers , separated into 23 states. The territory incorporates stretches of the Andes Mountains, enormous regions of Amazonian downpour backwoods, ripe fields, miles of Caribbean shoreline and even a little desert. The country likewise has two land exemplifications, the world's most elevated cascade and South America's greatest lake. In view of its nearness to the Equator, Venezuela encounters scarcely any climatic varieties, only two seasons, dry [December to April] and wet [May to November] and a normal temperature of 27C. Whatever monetary advancement has happened in Venezuela, is to a great extent due to the colossal characteristic

Tuesday, June 16, 2020

Should A Person Be Given A Second Chance After Lied Or Broken Promise - 275 Words

Should A Person Be Given A Second Chance After He Or She Has Been Unfaithful, Lied Or Broken Promise? (Essay Sample) Content: Should A Person Be Given A Second Chance After He Or She Has Been Unfaithful, Lied Or Brocken Promise?First Name Last NameInstitutionIntroductionDo you think before making a promise to somebody? What if you will not be able to deliver your words? Will it really matter? A promise is a commitment made by someone either to do or not to do something. When a person promises in a relationship it becomes one thing above all others that one wishes to do most. Giving a second chance to a person who is messing up with a relationship by cheating is merely a luxury to him or her; its a luxury that cheaters do not deserve at all.When you break a promise that you have made to a person no matter how small it is to you, you alarms bells which are not going to go off. It hurts when you have invented your time, love, trust, and all your energy in building a relationship and then a person takes advantage of you by carelessly cheating on you.Once trust is broken by a lying what follows is not happiness or improvements but insecurity and worrying every time. The longer time that you spend with the person who was unfaithful to you or lied to you, the longer the painful feelings. Letting a person who have cheated on you back in your life is just giving him or her second chance to cheat on you.Everyone deserves a second chance; personality is not set in a stone. People can change from their former mistakes (Hanke and Vauclair 2016). Promises are only as strong as the person wh...

Monday, May 18, 2020

Should Entertainment Education Be Taught - 1423 Words

Our world today is filled with new advanced technologies. Children as young as the age of two are able to learn how to use these electronics. Watching television, using the computer, playing with the tablet or an Iphone are few items that interest and keep the children entertained. When no source of entertainment is presented, children will find something that does attract them.Students are more engaged in a learning environment when some sort of entertainment is presented. Starting off a discussion and displaying a question or some sort of hook, whether it relates to the topic or not, will initiate the students and force them to think and make connections. Education in previous generations compared to now has differed. Before,†¦show more content†¦In reality, this is not the case. When the students do not receive the grade they believe they have earned, they are quick to complain and talk to a superior to get the grade they â€Å"deserve†. The students then spread r umors about the teachers who fail them and once a negative rumor is spread, students do not want any association with that teacher. If the teacher does not have a certain amount of students to teach a class, the teacher loses their money and to a certain extent, may also be fired. To avoid the issue, teachers make their grading policies easier to gain attention of the students. According to the text, â€Å"One of the ways we’ve tried to stay attractive is by loosening up. We grade much more softly than our colleagues†¦.and not challenge -the students† (Edmundson 396). Taking â€Å"easier† classes is another route students choose to take. When the students decide in taking easier classes, they limit themselves in majoring is specific courses.This is the way of the current education creating flaws in students curriculum. RSA Animate:Changing Education Paradigms† by Ken Robinson is another author who shares his input on the necessary changes in the curre nt education system and how the current system is affected the children. Throughout the video, he mentions the struggles the millennials go through in a classroom. While watching the video, Robinson claims, â€Å"We are getting our children through education byShow MoreRelatedAmusing Ourselves For Death By Neil Postman1475 Words   |  6 Pagesto Death, the author examines the medium of education in order to exhibit how it has affected and fashioned modern public discourse. Postman uses a two-part argument on the topic of the influence that television has over education. In order to properly demonstrate the authors view and evidence on this subject of discourse, as well as my own, I will explore how television presents education as well as how exactly television has managed to alter education when it is faced outside of television. PostmanRead More The Production of Video Games Taught At School1436 Words   |  6 Pageswithin school are addicted to video games, therefore the school system should provide a career pathway on how to create and program video games because it will allow these gaming students to participate in school while having entertainment. Having video game development as a career pathway in school would allow students to get more interactive in school, have another field that they can decide to major in, and develop entertainment, but still be focused within school. Around the world there are videoRead MoreConformity in Fahrenheit 451827 Words   |  4 Pagesleisure, and fright. The children in the society are never actually taught during school hours. Captain Beatty, another firefighter, tells Montag that the schools Cram them full of non-combustible data, chock them so damned full of â€Å"facts† they feel stuffed, but absolutely â€Å"brilliant† with information† (61). The â€Å"teachers† (actually film) stuff the students with â€Å"knowledge†, making them feel smart, but they are never taught to question any of the information or form their own opinion on mattersRead MoreThe Process Of Learning Process Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pagesentirely possible to incorporate education with education without compromising content. Buckingham and Scanlon (2000) refer to this as â€Å"Edu-tainment†, which is dependent on visual material, narrative or game-like formats, and on less formal and didactic styles of address as those used in HeLa, Hamilton and, ‘Thug notes.’ All these three examples aim at educating while entertaining. They will form part an integral part of this discussion on education and entertainment. Firstly, learning is an integralRead MoreThe Taliban Of The Swat Valley1092 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Swat Valley, so citizens would succumb to their way of life. This affected people’s jobs, education and their health. The Swat Valley was just one of the many places that were occupied by the Taliban. The Taliban ruined thousands of lives of those in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Using violence, the Taliban controlled and affected the lives of people in terms of their careers, mental states and education. To begin, the Taliban restricted the lives of people in relation to their careers. To exemplifyRead MoreIncrease in the Legal Drinking Age870 Words   |  3 Pagescentury youth about alcohol misuse are ineffective and impractical. Alcohol educations programs are mainly about scaring teens out of any type of alcohol consumption (McCardell), which in reality makes drinking attractive to them because of the mystery involved (Minimum Drinking Age). As a result, the programs intended to prevent underage drinking actually have the opposite effect (Ogilvie); instead, alcohol education should be based on the reality of the bingeing environments teens and young adultsRead MoreLiterature : The Definition Of Literature1302 Words   |  6 Pagesthose many years. It has also been debated over if literature has any value and if it is necessary to the world in which we live in. Another question arises when talking about literature is, if it does have any value at all, then how and why should it be taught in schools and to younger and future generations. What is literature? It is a question that has been debated and discussed over for years and it will probably still be for years to come. Many people have been tried making a definition for literatureRead MoreThe History of Childresn Literature Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesthe hand of his true love. They were told to both children and adults alike, because children and adults were all treated similarly during this time. In the early years of the fifth century through the fifteenth century this was the avenue for entertainment and to teach many of the lessons that they needed. Children would listen to the stories that the adults would listen to. These stories were often kept or preserved by the means of carving them into the wall of a cave, or putting them onto clayRead MoreTechnology For More Knowledge?1017 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology for More Knowledge As a child we watched T.V. shows for entertainment and today we use technologies like tablets and phones for entertainment purposes. When we watch T.V. or play on our phone elderly might have told you, â€Å"Stop staring at a screen and get some actual book!† or if you are Asian like me you might have heard, â€Å"Get off the T.V., put your phone down, and Study, Study!† Technology and T.V. were always viewed as a distraction in student’s educational life. However watching T.VRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Disorders921 Words   |  4 Pagesas schizophrenia, psychosis, autism, and many more, is heavily wide spread through the world. Those who are misinformed about what these mental disorders are like are given their information through the media whether it is through articles or entertainment based media. (Theurer) First though it must be understood what a mental disorder is. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary a mental disorder or illness is, â€Å"a mental or bodily condition marked primarily by sufficient disorganization of personality

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Left Brain vs Right Brain; How It Affects Learning Essay

The Left Brain vs. The Right Brain: How This Impacts Learning Troy J. Miller COLL100 I059 Sum 12 American Public University System Megan Doyle The Left Brain vs. The Right Brain: How This Impacts Learning Over years there has been extensive research done by different psychologists suggesting that our brain works in two different ways. Some of these researchers also believe that the left and right sides of our brain work hand in hand with each other, and that one cannot function without the help of the other. Certain activities are also controlled by one side or the other of your brain. Leadership is also controlled by different styles and how people tend to lead. Essentially people are labeled as a left brainer†¦show more content†¦One side or the other of your brain, you just have to figure out which method of learning works best for the individual involved. There is no right or wrong way to learn the information that you are being provided, as long as you get the message that is being delivered. Our brains also hold many characteristics, and each characteristic resides in either our left-brain or right-brain. Left brain functions include: uses logic, detail oriented, fa cts rule, words and language, present and past, math and science, can comprehend, knowing, acknowledges, order/pattern perception, knows object name, reality based, forms strategies, practical and safe. Eden D. (2012) From these characteristics we can say that the left brain would be very analytical and orderly. Right brain functions include: uses feeling, â€Å"big picture† oriented, imagination rules, symbols and images, present and future, philosophy and religion, can â€Å"get it†, believes, appreciates, spatial perception, knows object function, fantasy based, presents possibilities, impetuous, and risk taking. Eden D. (2012) These characteristics lead to the conclusion right-brain is artistic and unpredictable. The characteristics of the right-brain and left-brain were put to test by Roger Sperry, when he had a patient that was having seizures. In his experiment he removed the corpus callosum in the brain of a patient. The corpus callosum is the part of the brain that connects the right andShow MoreRelatedLeft Versus Right Brain and Learning Essay737 Words   |  3 PagesEach person has a governing hemisphere and once learning becomes a technical process, the idyllic portion of the brain takes charge of solving the issue at hand. There are two sides of the brain, which are the left and the right brain. These directly influence learning and produce different ways of receiving, storing and responding to information that ultimately affects our whole learning process. Even though the learning process improves as a result of the two hemispheres functioning together,Read MoreLeft versus Right Brain and Learning800 Words   |  4 PagesLeft versus Right Brain and Learning Each person has a governing hemisphere and once learning becomes a technical process, the idyllic portion of the brain takes charge of solving the issue at hand. There are two sides of the brain, which directly influence learning and produce different ways of receiving, storing and responding to information which ultimately affects our whole learning process. The cerebral cortex is broken down into two hemispheres, left and right, with it being home to the functionsRead Moreleft brain vs right brain1430 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Left Brain vs. Right Brain: Implications of Learning Foundations of Online Learning Abstract A left-brain dominant person’s attributes are different than that of a right-brained person. This difference causes these two groups to have different learning styles. A left-brain dominant tends to be better at spelling and math. This is because this person can see all of the pieces. A right- brain dominant person tends be better at writing, biology, and otherRead MoreHormones and Behaviors1088 Words   |  5 Pagesbehavior and this is where the Cognitive Behavior therapy comes in. The true meaning of cognitive behavioral therapy is in the clients difficulties in relationships and not being able to cope with their everyday life in general which in turn could affect their health and well-being. There are many people involved with this such as therapists and workers and even psychiatrists. Cognitive Behavioral therapy focuses on modifying the client’s thoughts and behaviors with the intent on reinforcing positiveRead MoreThe Left Brain vs. The Right Brain: How Does This Impact Learning;810 Words   |  4 Pagesof their brains? Or that you’re a right or left brain thinker? Well there has been a lot of research done to figure out exactly how to figure what side of the brain you think with most and how our brain functions and operates. Doctors, scientists and psychologists have all looked deep into the brains anatomy to help figure out the different functions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and how to identify dominant learning styles and characteristics. â€Å"The side of the brain we tendRead MoreLearning: Left-Brain vs. Right Brain Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pages Have you ever wondered how your extremely messy sibling can be so creative and yet you the very organized one can’t seem to color within the lines to save your life? There is a legitimate reason for this mystery. The brain is divided into two sections. They are known as the left hemisphere and the right hemisphere. Individually they have different functionalities but collectively they make up the person as a whole and can give some explanation as to why a person process and learn the way theyRead More Learning Styles and the Brain1645 Words   |  7 PagesHow Did You Know That?!Learning Styles and the Brain Although most commonly framed in academic contexts, learning style lies at the foundation of individual identity and development. Learning, the process of acquiring knowledge about the world (1) and learning style, ...the sum of the patterns of how individuals develop habitual ways of responding to experience (2) reflect an array of attitudes, emotional responses, preferences and habits. It is the basis of how we interact with, processRead MoreNeuroscience1187 Words   |  5 Pagesin the brain. Insulate axons. Makes Neural transmissions. Microglia: Special immune cells in the brain. They can detect unhealthy and damaged neurons and therefore, they can help in removing those damaged cells. - detect viruses and bacteria in the brain - Chew them up and attack foreigners Astrocytes: The rising star of the brain - gained a lot more attention - they’re their own boss/have their own territory— don’t rely on other cells - gives instructions to other neurons on how to functionRead MoreEssay on Dreams: The True Form of Therapy1390 Words   |  6 Pageswishes or emotions that one did not realize they had. Dreams help with problem solving because the dreaming mind makes connections more quickly than the waking mind does. It also helps in processing painful emotions with symbolic associations. The brain often associates emotion with a symbol. The model of dreaming is a process more like therapy. People run through ideas and emotions and place them in a broader psychological context. Dreams can have a very big impact on people’s lives. When dreamingRead MorePre Course Work - Trainer And Delegates2211 Words   |  9 Pagesthe content of this session and other brain friendly principles 2. Preparation Room layout: Cabaret Equipment required: Flipchart paper and pens Sweets IPads Smelly spray Balls Table props Post it notes 3. Resources Presentation required: Yes Additional materials required: Learning Quotes Delegate feeling cards BFL principles 4. Timetable Topic Time Welcome 09.00 – 09.10 What is brain friendly learning 09.10 – 09.30 Senses 09.30

Compare and Contrast the Uk and Germanys Electoral Systems free essay sample

Within this essay I shall compare and contrast the UK and Germanys Electoral systems. A voting system or electoral system is a method by which voters make a selection between options, generally in an election or on a policy referendum. Electoral systems can be defines as a way to determine the means by which votes are translated into seats in the process of electing politicians into office. A voting system enforces rules to ensure valid voting, and how votes are counted and totalled to produce a final result. Winners may be determined by a plurality, a majority (more than 50% of the vote), an extraordinary majority (a percentage of the vote greater than 50%), or unanimity. Candidates for public office may be elected directly or indirectly. Proportional representation is used in some areas to ensure a fairer distribution of legislative seats to constituencies that may be denied representation under the plurality or majority formulas. Common voting systems are majority rule, proportional representation or plurality voting with a number of alterations and methods such as first-past-the-post or preferential voting. Electoral systems are designed to fulfil a number of often conflicting functions such as reflecting the wishes of voters, producing strong and stable governments, electing qualified representatives. In selecting a particular design of electoral system, the ‘electoral engineers’ have to take important decisions about which function to stress most. As a result no two countries have the same electoral system. There are many different types of electoral systems used around the world, moreover within individual countries different electoral systems may be found in different regions and at different level of government, e. . Committees of all kinds elect new chairman and trade unions elect members to their national councils. Less frequently though there are general elections to parliament. Electoral systems can be divided into three general types; plurality electoral systems, Majority electoral systems and Proportional representation. Plurality systems may also be called †Å"first-past-the-post† or â€Å"winner-take-all† systems, plurality systems basically award a seat to the individual candidate who obtains the most votes in an election. The candidate need not get a majority (50 %+) of the vote to win; so long as he has a superior number of votes than all other candidates, he is declared the winner. Plurality systems normally depend on single-member constituencies, and allow voters to indicate only one vote on their ballot (by pulling a single lever, punching a hole in the ballot, making an X, etc. ) Plurality electoral systems also tend to foster the growth of relatively stable political systems dominated by two major parties (a phenomenon known as â€Å"Duverger’s Law†). Elections for the House of Commons in the United Kingdom use the plurality system. Under party list forms of PR, voters normally vote for parties rather than for individual candidates. Under a closed party list system the parties themselves determine who will fill the seats that they have been allocated; voters vote only for a particular party, and then it is up to the party to decide which party members will actually serve as representatives. Legislative elections in Germany are conducted according to such a system. The debate has focused mainly on the choice of an electoral formula and this logical to start with that dimension. The dominant debate in the literature has been between plurality and PR systems. One basic argument in favour of the plurality rule is that it produces one-party majority government, while PR is advocated because it produces broad and fair representation. (LeDuc, 2002). One party government is a good thing for two reasons. They are believed to be more stable therefore enhancing political stability. Although most coalition governments in PR systems are reasonably stable. Germany has one of the most stable governments and economies in the EU at this moment in time, while the PIGS are struggling through to the recent economic crisis. This is argued by Lijphart, A (1994), where he states that PR systems in fact perform better than plurality countries such as UK on crucial indicators such as economic growth, the incidence of strikes and political violence. A general election must be called at least once every five years, within that period the prime minister is free to call an election at any time. The last election in the UK David Cameron was elected as prime minister. Analysts and partitions have debated the issue of which is the best electoral system for more than a century. There is a wide range of options available especially if you take account of the possibility of combining these options in various ways. Secondly it is easier for voters in a plurality system to get rid of a government is they do not like them, they just throw them out in the next election and replace them with a new government. In a PR system, the fate of a government is decided only partly and indirectly by votes. A party may lose support but still remain a member of a coalition government. Therefore one party majority government are more accountable than their coalition counterparts. However there is no guarantee in a single-member plurality system that the party with the most votes overall will actually form the government. The choice between plurality and PR is thus mostly about what is deemed to be more important, accountably and stability on one hand and responsiveness on the other which the PR system offers. The UK is divided into a 651 territorial single-member constituencies, each electing one MP; this can be classed as a district magnitude. This is the main feature distinguishing proportional and non-proportional systems. The election contest in each constituency is between candidates not between parties which is the case in list systems. Voters within each constituency cast a single ballot (marked by an X) for their preferred candidate. The successful candidate is the one who receives most votes. The candidate does not have to win an overall minority of votes, but must only have more votes than anyone else, or a plurality of support therefore making this electoral formula a plurality election. Plurality elections predate the development of parties, and modern notions of representative democracy The British electoral system has evolved through a continuous series of amendments. The most significant have widened the franchise, abolished dual-member constituencies, removed corrupt practices, and standardized electoral administration. Suffrage was extended in successive Reform Acts to the middle and working classes (1832, 1967, 1884), to women (1918, 1928), and to younger voters (1969). In Britain, unlike as Italy, New Zealand, Israel and Japan, the reform movement to date has failed to produce substantive change. The primary reasons, it can be argued, are threefold: the movement in favour of electoral reform has been primarily elite-driven, and the public mood remains uncertain and generally indifferent (Kellner, 1992); even if public opinion became aroused to the urgent need for change, there are no constitutional provisions for the sort of binding referendums which are open to citizens in Italy and New Zealand; finally, the Labour Party remains at best deeply divided on the issue while the governing Conservative Party remains implacably opposed. In the Germany there is a ‘two vote’ system in place; one vote, the primary vote for constituency MPs, and a second vote for list MPs, a major difference from the UK’s ballot structure. If a party receives 10percent of the popular vote, it should revive 10percernt of the Bundestag seats. Just like in the UK the candidate with the most votes in each constituency are elected, regardless of whether or not they have an overall majority of the votes in the constituency. An exception to this PR system is the 5per cent clause, which requires a party to win at least 5percent of the national vote in order to share in the distribution of party-list seats. The 5percent clause can handicap all minor parties and lessens the number of parties represented in the Bundestag. The Constituency seats are determined on the basis of FPTP exactly like the UK. The PR system ensures fair representation for the smaller parties. The FDP for example, has won only one direct candidate mandate from 1957 and yet it receives Bundestag seats based on its national share of the vote (Almond. G, 2010). In contrast, the UK’s district only system discriminates against small parties, in 2005 the British Liberal democrats won 22. 1 percent of the national vote but less than 10percent of the parliamentary seats. The German system has been described as the ideal compromise in building an electoral system due to its mixed features such as allowing party leaders substantial influence on who will be elected to parliament by the placement of people on the list, fair representation for smaller parties and the affects it has on campaign strategies. A regular criticism of the British system is that there can be wide vacillations in policy as power changes hands between the Conservations and Labour and that this can be damaging for long term interests. By Contrast, German governments tend to exhibit greater degrees of policy continuity over time-regardless of which parties are in power. The German constituency MP’s operate in a similar fashion to British constituency Mps and both are seen as significant within the system. It has been stressed by Geoffrey Roberts, 1975 that the German political culture differs from the UK’s in that German MP’s do not have ‘sensitivity towards the constituency relationship’. Germany is also a federation where votes have multiple levels of representatives e. g. Land politicians to choose from when raising constituency problems while is Britain there are high levels of grievances such as the territory disrupt concerning Northern Ireland (Bogdanor, 1984) In conclusion there is no such thing as a perfect electoral system; there are both comparisons and contrasts between the UK and Germanys electoral systems. The UK has a Plurality, First-Past-The-Post, two-Round System and alternative Vote, while Germany semi-proportional list, parallel electoral system.