Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics Question 1: The Dow Jones Travel Index reported what business travelers pay for hotel rooms per night in major U. S. cities (The Wall Street Journal, January 16,2004). The average hotel room rates for 20 cities are as follows Atlanta | $163| Minneapolis| $125| Boston | 177| New Orleans| 169| Chicago| 166| New York| 245| Cleveland| 126| Orlando| 146| Dallas| 123| Phoenix| 139| Denver| 120| Pittsburgh| 134| Detroit| 144| San Francisco| 167| Houston| 173| Seattle| 162| Los Angeles| 160| St. Louis| 145| Miami| 192| Washington D. C. | 207| a.What is the mean hotel room rate? b. What is the median hotel room rate? c. What is the mode? d. What is the first quartile? e. What is the third quartile? Question 2: The National Association of Collage and Employers compiled information about annual starting salaries for college graduates by major. The mean starting salary for business administration graduates was $39,850 (CNNM Money. com, February 15, 2006). Samples with annu al starting data for marketing majors and accounting majors follow (data are in thousands): Marketing Majors| 34. 2| 45| 39. 5| 28. | 37. 7| 35. 8| 30. 6| 35. 2| 34. 2| 42. 4| Accounting Majors| 33. 5| 57. 1| 49. 7| 40. 2| 44. 2| 45. 2| 47. 8| 38| 53. 9| 41. 1| 41. 7| 40. 8| 55. 5| 43. 5| 49. 1| 49. 9| a. Compute the mean, median, and mode of the annual starting salary for both majors. b. Compute the first and third quartiles for both majors. c. Business administration students with accounting majors generally obtain the highest annual salary after graduation. What do the sample data indicate about the difference between the annual starting salaries for marketing and accounting majors?Question 3: The American Association of Individual Investors conducted an annual survey of discount brokers (AAII Journal, January 2003). The commissions charged by 24 discount brokers for two types of trades, a broker-assisted trade of 100 shares at $50 per share and an online trade of 500 shares at $ 50 per share. a. Compute the mean, median, and mode for the commission charged on a broker-assisted trade of 100 shares at $50 per share. b. Compute the mean, media, and mode for the commission charged on an online trade of 500 shares at $50 per share. c.Which costs more, a broker-assisted trade of 100 shares at $50 per share or an online trade of 500 shares at $50 per share? d. Is the cost of a transaction related to the amount of the transaction? TABLE: COMMISSIONS CHARGED BY DISCOUNT BROKERS Question 4: A sample of 10 NCAA college basketball game scores provided the following data (USA Today, January 26, 2004) Winning Team| Points| Losing Team | Points | Winning Margin| Arizona | 90| Oregon | 66| 24| Duke| 85| Georgetown| 66| 19| Florida State| 75| Wake Forest| 70| 5| Kansas| 78| Colorado| 57| 21|Kentucky| 71| Notre Dame| 63| 8| Louisville| 65| Tennessee| 62| 3| Oklahoma State| 72| Texas| 66| 6| Purdue| 76| Michigan State| 70| 6| Stanford | 77| Southern Cal| 67| 10| Wisconsin | 7 6| Illinois | 56| 20| a. Compute the mean and standard deviation for the points scored by the winning team. b. Assume that the points by the winning teams for all NCAA games follow a bell-shaped distribution. Using the mean and standard deviation found in part (a), estimate the percentage of all NCAA games in which the winning team scores 84 or more points. Estimate the percentage ofNCAA games in which the winning team scores more than 90 points. c. Compute the mean and standard deviation for the winning margin. Question 5: Consumer Review posts reviews and rating of a variety of products on the Internet. The following is a sample of 20 speaker systems and their ratings (www. audioreview. com). The ratings are on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being best. Speaker| Rating| Speaker| Rating | Infinity Kappa | 4. 00| ACI Sapphire III| 4. 67| Allison One| 4. 12| Bose 501 Series | 2. 14| Cambridge Ensemble II| 3. 82| DCM KX-212| 4. 09|Dynaudio Contour 1. 3| 4. 00| Eosone RSR1000| 4. 17| Hsu Rs ch. HRSW12V| 4. 56| Joseph Audio RM7si| 4. 88| Legacy Audio Focus| 4. 32| Martin Logan Aerius| 4. 26| Mission 73li| 4. 33| Omni Audio SA 12. 3| 2. 32| PSB 400i| 4. 50| Polk Audio RT12| 4. 50| Snell Acoustics DIV| 4. 64| Sunfire True Subwoofer| 4. 17| Thiel CS 1. 5| 4. 20| Yamaha NS-A636| 2. 17| a. Compute the mean and the median. b. Compute the first and third quartiles. c. Compute the standard deviation. d. The skewness of this data is – 1. 67. Comment on the shape of the distribution. Question 6:According to the 2003 Annual Consumer Spending Survey, the average monthly Bank of America Visa credit card charge was $1838 (U. S. Airways Attache Magazine, December 2003). A sample of monthly credit card charges provides the following data. 236| 1710| 1351| 825| 7450| 316| 4135| 1333| 1584| 387| 991| 3396| 170| 1428| 1688| a. Compute the mean and median. b. Compute the first and third quartiles. c. Compute the range and interquartile range. d. Compute the variance and standard dev iation. Question 7: Small business owners often look to payroll service companies to handle their employee payroll.Reasons are that small business owners face complicated tax regulations and penalties for employment tax errors are costly. According to the Internal Revenue Service, 26% of all small business employment tax returns contained errors that resulted in tax penalty to the owner (The Wall Street Journal, January 30, 2006). The tax penalty for a sample of 20 small business owners follows: 820| 270| 450| 1010| 890| 700| 1350| 350| 300| 1200| 390| 730| 2040| 230| 640| 350| 420| 270| 370| 620| a. What is the mean tax penalty for improperly filed employment tax returns? b.What is the standard deviation? c. Is the highest penalty, $2040, an outlier? d. What are some of the advantages of a small business owner hiring a payroll service company to handle employee payroll services, including the employment tax returns? Question 8: The National Association of Realtors reported the medi an home price in the United States and the increase in median home price over a five-year period (The Wall Street, Journal, January 16, 2006). Use the sample home prices shown here to answer the following questions. 995. 9| 48. 8| 175. 0| 263. 50| 298. 0| 218. 9| 209. | 628. 3| 111. 0| 212. 9| 92. 6| 2325. 0| 958. 0| 212. 5| a. What is the sample median home price? b. In January 2001, the National Association of Realtors reported a median home price of $139,300 in the United States. What was the percentage increase in the median home price over the five-year period? c. What are the first quartile and the third quartile for the sample data? d. Provide a five-number summary for the home prices. e. What is the mean home price for the sample? Why does the National Association of Realtors prefer to use the median home price in its reports?

Management and leadership paper Essay

Management and leadership can often be confused as being the same thing; when in fact, they are not. A manager can often be a good leader, yet a leader doesn’t necessarily have to be a manager. It almost sounds like a riddle, but a leader and a manager can sometimes be the same person; however, they are also two different things. In order for an organization to maintain a healthy organizational culture, there are many things that a leader must take into consideration and demonstrate on a day-to-day basis. With further explanation, it should be clearer and more easily understood. Most people have had some sort of contact with a manager. Managers have the duty of budgeting routines, planning, and dealing with other day-to-day complexities of an organization (Bateman & Snell, 2009). They are to structure the organization, staff it, and monitor activities. Managers are focused on short term goals and how to accomplish them. They try to make safe decisions within their organization and end up concerned with fitting in (Bateman & Snell, 2009). The managers usually give guidance, support, and corrective feedback to their subordinates on a day to day basis. While being a manager is vital to an organization, they are not necessarily true leaders at this point. Leadership has a very different approach in an organization. Leaders have a vision for the future and inspire others to see and follow this vision as well. Leaders attempt to move an organization towards future goals, rather than just focusing on completing day to day goals (Bateman & Snell, 2009). They are trustworthy and honest. They do not follow a structured reaction to different situations; rather, they react differently to every single different situation. They carefully analyze the situation and decide how they should react to it (Bateman & Snell, 2009). They may even end up making decisions that break normal tradition, but is suitable for the occurrence. Leaders have roles and responsibilities in an organization to maintain a healthy organizational culture. Gillikin (2013) states, â€Å"†¦ most organizations cannot afford to have leaders who cannot manage and managers who cannot lead.† (para. 6). In order to maintain a healthy organizational culture, both leaders and managers must work together effectively. Leaders and managers must be honest and loyal to the company  and everyone in it. They must work towards the common goals of the company and be able to motivate others in a positive manner. Leaders must remain an idol for the company’s core values at all times and be the model, teacher, and coach for the organization. Additionally, leaders should also be very knowledgeable of the organization. Everyone is familiar with the Disney Institute. They have been idolized for their friendly atmosphere, professional manner, and their security within their facilities. Their leadership is no different. Disney leaders communicate their core values passionately in a way that makes an emotional connection and motivates action in employees (â€Å"Disney’s Approach to Leadership Excellenceâ€Å"). They are very clear about what they value and seek proactive change while sharing these same core values. The â€Å"Disney’s Approach to Leadership Excellence† website states that Disney leaders engage the cast members by giving them the responsibility, the tools, and the power to strive for excellence. The leaders encourage them to take pride in their performances. It helps to reward the good behavior just as much as leaders discourage the bad behavior. Disney leaders also believe that it is extremely important to remain committed to a goal. It takes day-to-day strategies to keep focus and build momentum in order to achieve long term goals (â€Å"Disney’s Approach to Leadership Excellenceâ€Å"). Lastly, according to â€Å"Disney’s Approach to Leadership Excellence â€Å", â€Å"Disney leaders recognize that the values and behaviors they demonstrate day-to-day will be remembered longer than their accomplishments. With the ability to influence those around them, leaders need to live the values of the organization on a daily basis. Not only does this reveal what they personally value, it provides insight into their character and ensures that their leadership will have a long-lasting, positive impact.† (para. 9). Management and leadership are two different things that can sometimes be the same person. Mangers are not always leaders, but can learn to be leaders in time. There are roles and responsibilities to take into consideration in order to be a leader and also to maintain a healthy organization culture. Some of these include being honest and trustworthy, demonstrating the core values of the organization on a day-to-day basis, and positively and  effectively motivating others. If leaders do not take on the proper role, an organization will not maintain a positive and healthy culture. References Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2009). Management: Leading & collaborating in a competitive world (8th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Disney’s Approach to Leadership Excellence . Retrieved from http://www.disneyinstitutecollateral.com/files/PDP/LeadershipExcellence_Extended.pdf Gillikin, J. (2013). Management Vs. Leadership in a Healthy Organizational Culture. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/management-vs-leadership-healthy-organizational-culture-178.html

Caffeine Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Caffeine - Research Paper Example This means that caffeine has both positive and negative effects, the paper will concentrate on the history of caffeine, the advantages and disadvantages and the types of caffeine. Caffeine is a crystalline alkaloid which is usually white in color and is derived from tea or coffee. It exists in a group of compounds known as Xanthine. According to Smith (2009), it is also classified together with amphetamines and cocaine as a nervous system stimulant or an analeptic. Coffee is known worldwide as the biggest source of caffeine. Even though caffeine is also in cola beverages, cocoa, tea and in prescription medications coffee remains to be the only plant with the highest concentration of caffeine. Caffeine just like other drugs stimulates brain functions and excessive consumption can lead to overwhelming effects. This means that caffeine has both positive and negative effects, the paper will concentrate on the history of caffeine, the advantages and disadvantages and the types of caffeine. Caffeine has been used all around the world for countries. Each nation has its own source and story about caffeine. However, most research finding indicates that Ethiopia was the first source of coffee (Wessells, 2001). There was a folk story that was passed on from one generation to another about coffee. The story was that there was once a farmer who changed his goat’s grazing area and after moving the animals to the new grazing area he found out that the animals were now more restless.After noting the restlessness he began watching the animals every day. He realized that they were feeding on small berries these berries were coffee. Later on these berries we dried and referred to as coffee beans. The first time caffeine was ever extracted in Cocoa beans was in 1820, by Friedrich Ferdinand, a German scientist who was able to extract caffeine in its purest form. Currently, caffeine extracted has numerous purposes such

Teacher Education in TESOL (Master's Level) Research Paper

Teacher Education in TESOL (Master's Level) - Research Paper Example 19). Teacher development is the development of a sense of the strengths and weaknesses in a teacher so that the increased self-awareness resulting from the process helps the teacher identify better ways to teach others. Training and education are both the means of development of a teacher. How is second language teacher training different from teacher training in other disciplines? Second language teacher training differs from training of teachers in other disciplines in that it imparts a need for the teacher to study and develop compatibility with different cultural factors that drive the students’ tendency to learn second language, language being intrinsically and integrally linked with culture whereas training in other subjects is not constrained by cultural differences. Teacher training in other disciplines is primarily about developing the expertise of the teacher in the technical aspects of the subject e.g. lab work training for such subjects as physics and chemistry, an d training of software and programming for the subject of computer. On the contrary, training of teachers in the teaching of second language is more about reaching out to the students both individually and collectively so as to understand the barriers they face in developing their competence in the second language. One aspect of teacher training in the subject of second language teaching could be planning and designing of lecture in such a way that it includes activities and exercises aimed at individually targeting the barriers of students in learning the second language, respecting the time constraints of the lecture. 2. Summary of teacher training history and the main theories on teacher training. The history of teacher training varies from one country to another, yet one common and very favorable improvement that has occurred over the years is increased use of ICT and advanced technology in the teacher training. The training of primary school teachers dates back to the late Vict orian period when it commenced almost by an accident after the Kindergarten school was established in the year 1882 (Randall, 2007). Bedford was families’ choice because of the availability of high quality of education. The Training College was established originally with only five students and continued to remain at the site for more than 70 years. The Bedford students followed Friedrich Froebel’s progressive model of training. The system gradually became more developed and advanced. Likewise, the only teaching requirements in the colonial period in America were mediocre learning and low pay. Teacher training began during the 1820s and 1830s in academies that were equal to the contemporary secondary schools (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2011). †¦..and the main theories on teacher training. Ethical theories primarily apply in teacher training. â€Å"We believe that some teaching of ethical theory – the teaching of the ways we can distinguish right from wrong, good from bad - is necessary in ethics courses, but we suggest a modest, not a major role for theory† (Bowden and Smythe, 2008, p. 23). Since unethical behavior is identifiable, students and teachers can individually assess their actions’ rightness or wrongness. Training of the teachers of second language describes the teacher’s notion as a reflective practitioner, that is an individual who reflects on the professional practices with a view to

Intrnational Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Intrnational Business strategy - Essay Example By May 2000 they had expanded into several developed countries through acquisition. In May 2000 they planned to aggressively expand into emerging economies in South East Asia, Africa and Middle East. Their initial focus was India, China, and Brazil. However, they always wanted to have 100% stakes or at least the controlling stakes in any nation. Some of their earlier acquisition strategy was not profitable because their approach was to have a global strategy. They always aimed at total control but this may not always be desirable in all emerging markets. In emerging markets, the established MNCs would generally make an early entry especially in the high-performance industrial segments (Ghemawat & Hout, 2008). India may be an emerging economy but there are already 28 competitors and the eight largest companies take care of two-thirds of the total demand of 100 million tons. CEMEX stands a better chance in China where the technology is obsolete and the size of the market is large. In China they can adapt and innovate in a big way. However, entering the emerging economy does not provide cost advantage any more. It is essential to have higher value-offerings and better customer services. CEMEX has been focusing on markets with high population and strong growth potential. Besides, they want to lead the market or have at least 25% control of it. This may not always be the right strategy as Cummins has entered India and China with a local partner with equal partnership (Ghemawat & Hout, 2008). Cummins is not interested in full management control and their focus is on good partner sharing the same values. This enables them to take advantage of the local knowledge and standing of the local partners. This helps the MNC to create value beyond profits. Local partners are beneficial as they help to overcome the barriers to language and local customs. CEMEX’s past acquisitions brought them as close as 100%

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 36

Discussion - Assignment Example The presentation’s ideas on motivation are impressive. The knowledge of internal and external motivation can help people know how to control the impacts of undesirable sources of motivation (Adams 24). This knowledge is important to people especially students because of the negative effects of peer pressure. The anecdote of brick walls is suitable in the discourse of prioritization, adjustment, and redirection of an individual’s attention and energy. The presentation’s exposition on time management has valuable information. The six components of time management are workable and individuals can cultivate and master them without difficulty. I think the idea of self-assessment can be instrumental to an individual when taking stock of the areas in which they have been wasting their time and conceptualize ways of closing those loopholes. It is intriguing to know that there exists hidden time. This is the last thing that could have occurred to me and it is an idea that can be investigated further (Adams

Economy and Nightlife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economy and Nightlife - Essay Example Today, we can witness a number of changes and growing trends that characterize the economies of varied countries. Globalization and the growth of industries have led to a new culture of sorts---the infusion of night-life and the MNC culture in various countries, especially the developing nations that are growing accustomed to these changes. This cultural change has brought about an impact on the economy and the market conditions, as well. This paper strives to highlight this new phenomenon and links nightlife to the growth of the economy. The blossoming of 'night-life' and such other related phenomenon took place in the 1980s, when companies began looking for across-the-border initiatives and began perceiving the whole world as a global village. Let us analyse the causes for the growth of night-life, in order to comprehend its importance and how it has been an instrument of change in affecting the economy. Firstly, the changing structures of the cities contributed immensely to the linear setting up of producers and consumers. For instance, the central market areas of cities were cleared and shifted to other regions, which led to a change in not only the physical structure, but also in the culture of the cities. " Later on, this led to the capital construction and restructuring of cities, that paved way for greater potential. Hanging on in many cities in the mid-1970s the central business districts (CBDs) represented a fixed capital that companies were extremely reluctant to write off. This was not just in terms of buildings but also of land." (Harvey, 1985a; 1989). Secondly, growing competition among various cities to create a mark and an image for themselves, not only on the national level, but also in t he newly found global market led to a number of changes. In addition it created tensions within the local polity as planners trained to deal with the city as a system of objective factors (Hall, 1988) were faced with notions of urban cultures and spaces that few were equipped to deal with. Thirdly, the boom in consumption and the growth of the importance of consumerism led to this new culture. The cities oriented themselves in terms fo consumption and not production, which led to a new lease of cultural milieu. In the 1980s the (unevenly) revalorized city centre emerged as a new landscape of buildings, enterprises and signs concerned with the organisation and exploitation of consumption. This economy of consumption (distribution and marketing), unlike the economy of the production and exchange of goods (manufacturing and trade) had a much looser relationship to the local area. [Cities and the Night-time Economy, ANDY LOVATT & JUSTIN O'CONNOR]. Finally, the newly emergent culture as a result